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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mathias Schleiden
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A botanist who helped to discover the cell theory.
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Theodor Schwann
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A zoologist who helped to discover the cell theory.
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Rudolph Virchow
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A physician who helped to discover the cell theory.
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Robert Hooke
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The first person to ever see/discover cells.
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
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Discovered single cell organisms.
Used the first microscope. |
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Mitochondria
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The site of cellular respiration and ATP production. In electron micrographs, they are oval shaped.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Helps synthesize, store, sort, and secrete various chemicals/ packaging and processing of proteins usually made by rough ER
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Lysosomes
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Enzyme filled organelle that helps to metabolize; contain digestive enzymes. Typically very dark in electron micrographs.
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Free Ribosomes
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The site of protein synthesis.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A ribosome lined membrane that helps makes protein and other membranes; area for synthesis of proteins that will be secreted
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Nuclear Membrane
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double membrane surrounding nucleus; selectively permeable
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Chromatin
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stores the DNA and chromosomes
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Nucleolus
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helps produce ribosomes and RNA (no DNA)
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Nucleus
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holds chromosomes, control center; made of nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus
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Centrioles
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used in mitosis, provide spindle fibers and help the cell to divide
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Passive Transport
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Movement down the concentration gradient resulting from random molecular collisions; does not require energy
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Diffusion
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net movement of a substance down a concentration gradient (from an area of high concentration to low concentration); continues until dynamic equilibrium is reached
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Osmosis
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the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Diffusion of solutes across a membrane with the help of transport proteins; does not require energy
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Active Transport
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energy-requiring process during which a transport protein pumps a molecule across a membrane; used to help maintain high concentrations, energy comes from ATP
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Endocytosis
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Process of importing macromolecules into a cell by forming vesicles derived from the plasma membrane; the membrane sinks inward and pinches off into the cytoplasm
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Pinocytosis
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cell drinking; the intake of fluid droplets via small vesicles
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Phagocytosis
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cell eating; endocytosis of solid particles using a pseudopodia and pinches off a food vacuole
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Exocytosis
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process of exporting macromolecules from a cell by fusion of vesicles w/the plasma membrane; used to export products
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Hypertonic Solution
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a solution with more solute concentration than that inside a cell; cell will shrivel because of osmosis
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Hypotonic Solution
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Solution with a lower solute concentration than inside a cell, cell will lyse and explode
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Isotonic Solution
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a solution with an equal solute concentration compared to the inside of the cell
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Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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1. Prokaryotes have naked DNA, eukaryotes have chromosomes
2.prokaryotes don't have mitochondria 3.prokaryotes have size 70s ribosomes, eukaryotes have 80s 4. prokaryotes have little to no organelles |
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Differences between plant and animal cells
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1. Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells have a membrane
2. Plant cells have chloroplast and large central vacuoles, animas don't 3. animals use glycogen, plants use strach |
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diploid
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having two sets of chromosomes
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Monoploid (haploid)
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a sperm or an egg cell with only one copy of each chromosome
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Autosome
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a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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Somatic
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A normal cell, not a sex cell
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Gamete
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A sex cell
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5 Most Common Elements in Living Things
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1. Carbon 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen 5. Sulfur
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