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17 Cards in this Set

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What does PMAT stand for?

The phases of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

What is mitosis? What happens in each phase of mitosis?

The process by which animal cells divide, creating two identical daughter cells;




Prophase- chromatin 'press' together


Metaphase- chromosomes move to 'middle'


Anaphase- chromosomes move 'away' from the middle


Telophase- 'two' nuclei are present

What are the 3 phases in the cell cycle?

Interphase- cell growth and DNA replication ( cells spends most of its time in this phase


Mitosis- cell division/reproduction


Cytokinesis- 2 separate cells



Facilitated Diffusion

Moving of a substance across the cell membrane through a protein channel from high to low concentration (no energy).




Diffusion can be just the natural moving of a substance through a membrane from high to low concentration, without a protein channel.

Osmosis

Moving of water molecules across a permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration

What is passive transport? Name two types.

Movement of particles across a cell membrane with out using energy




1. Osmosis


2. Diffusion

Carrier protein

A protein in in the cell membrane that lets a particle in, when chemical energy allows the protein to change shape




Type of Active transport

What is this?   

What is this?

A protein channel- an opening in the cell membrane used to transport larger substances in and out of the cell.

What are amino acids?

Building blocks of proteins

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

A type of membrane that lets some things in and keeps somethings out.

Endocytosis

When a cell brings something in by engulfing


(closing around)a substance and drawing it into the cytoplasm.

Exocytosis

When a cell releases a substance by forming a membrane (vesicle) around it.

Spindle Fibers

Fibers made from microtubules that line the chromosomes up in the middle, then pull them to opposite sides of the nucleus during mitosis, dividing the chromosomes.

Name the parts of an animal (eukaryotic) cell and their basic function.

Plasma membrane- covering, lets things in/out


Mitochrondria- powerhouse- energy


Golgi apparatus (body)- sort/package proteins


Lysosome- eat waste, digestive enzymes


Endoplasmic reticulum ER- chemical reactions


Rough ER- ribsomes make proteins with DNA instructions


Nucleus- contains DNA, control center, brain



  What type of solutions are the cells in and what happens to the cell in each of these solutions?  

What type of solutions are the cells in and what happens to the cell in each of these solutions?

A. Isotonic- there is an equal amount of solute inside and outside the cell- water moves in and out at same rate, cell stays the same size


B. Hypotonic- there is more solute inside the cell, making water go in to balance, cell swells


C. Hypertonic- more solute outside cell, water goes out to balance, cell shrinks

What is ADP?

Adenisone Di-Phosphate: two phosphate bonds, can add a third phosphate to make ATP

How is ATP used to make energy?

Energy is required to add a 3rd phosphate group to ADP to make ATP; when the bond is broken, the energy stored in the bond is released. ADP is what is left and can be used again to make ATP.