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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
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The left ventricle. The muscle must be much stronger in this chamber because it propels blood out into the systemic circuit. The right ventricle only has to pump blood through the lungs and the atria only have to empty into the ventricles.
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Describe the sequence of heart chambers, heart valves and blood vessels a drop of blood encounters flowing from the right atrium until the aorta.
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right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left pulmonary artery, lungs, left pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
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Why is the blood flowing thru the heart chambers unable to supply the O2 and removed CO2 from the myocardium?
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Cellular respiration happens on a celluar level. The inside of the heart doesn't have the permiable capillaries to facilitate proper respiration.
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How do the muscles of the heart get O2?
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Coronary Arteries
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Why is ventricular pressure greater than arterial pressure during ventricular ejection?
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More pressure is needed when propelling the blood out into the entire body.
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Identify the P wave, the QRS complex and the T wave.
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Which events cause the AV valves to open and shut?
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The heart valves open and close passively because of pressure differences on either side of the valve. When pressure is greater behind the valve, the leaflets are blown open and the blood flows through the valve. However, when pressure is greater in front of the valve, the leaflets snap shut and blood flow is stopped.
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Will stroke volume increase or decrease if your blood pressure rises when you are angry?
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Increase
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What is stroke volume?
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stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat.
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What does the diastolic mean in your blood pressure?
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pressure in your arteries when your heart is at rest.
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What does the systolic mean in your blood pressure.
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pressure in your arteries when your heart is pumping
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What does the effect of atherosclerosis have on the pressure reservoir function of arteries?
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Atherosclerosis woul make the elastic arteries harder and less elastic. They would become less accomodating to the surge of blood from the pumping heart. Therefore they will store less energy and be less effective at helping propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing.
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Why do metabolically active tiussues have extensive capillary networks?
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The more active the tissue... the more gas exchange will need to happen.
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Explain a drop in orthostatic blood pressure.
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Person stands up, blood pressure drops, pt becomes faint or light-headed (see page 652 for negative feedback cycle)
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What branches of the coronary arteries supply the left ventricle?
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The anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex, and interventricular septum. The LAD typically supplies 45-55% of the left ventricle. In the medical community ischemic heart attacks associated with this blood vessel are colloquially called "the widowmaker."
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What is the main function of the hepatic portal circulation?
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Blood from the GI tract, spleen, pancreas & gallbladder pass into a common vein, the hepatic portal vein. This delivers bloodto the liver for filtering, to absorb nutrients, for glucose conversion and for detoxifying
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Describe how running, inhalation and exhalation each influence the flow of lymph.
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The movement of the limbs, as we;; as the movement of the lungs helps pump/move the lymph through the one-way lymphatic system.
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How are natural killer cells and phagocytes similar?
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Both attach and kill pathogens and defective cells in the body.
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How are natural killer cells and phagocytes different?
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NK cells attach any body cells that display abnormal or unusual plasma membrane proteins. Phagocytes are specialized cells that perform the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris.
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What is the purpose of fever?
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Fever, also known as pyrexia, may be useful to some extent since they allow the body to reach high temperatures, causing an unbearable environment for some pathogens. White blood cells also rapidly proliferate due to the suitable environment and can also help fight off the harmful pathogens and microbes that invaded the body.
--Increased mobility of leukocytes --Enhanced leukocytes phagocytosis --Endotoxin effects decreased --Increased proliferation of T cells |
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What is the relationship between antigen and antibody?
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Antigens are substances that provoke an immune response (they're the ultimate target for the immune system). Antibodies are simply proteins that are secreted as a result of the antigen provoked immune response. In short, antigens cause the disease and antibodies cure it.
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