Antibiotics- Med Chem & Pharmacology

Front 1

Definition: Prophylactic therapy

Back 1

Prevention of infections that have not yet developed- used in high risk patients with weakened immune system that would not be able to fight infection alone

Front 2

Definition: Empiric Therapy

Back 2

Used when patients have a proven or suspected infection, but organism has not been identified

Front 3

Definition: Definitive therapy

Back 3

Used when the organism and treatment is known

Front 4

Definition: Bacteriostatic

Back 4

Antibiotics that inhibit growth of organism without killing it

Front 5

Definition: Bactericidal

Back 5

Antibiotics that kill organism

Front 6

Class of antibiotics that causes the most allergic reactions:

Back 6

Beta lactams

Front 7

Trimethoprim ADE

Back 7

Hematological ADE because it inhibits folate synthesis

Front 8

How does vancomycin cause Red Man's Syndrome?

Back 8

Causes histamine release

Front 9

Beta lactam class includes:

Back 9

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenams

Front 10

Example of a monobactam (beta lactam class)

Back 10

Aztreonam

Front 11

ADE caused by Beta Lactam class:

Back 11

Hypersensitivity reactions: rash, drug fever, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), anaphylaxis, also seizure from high doses

Front 12

Do you need to check renal function when administering a beta lactam?

Back 12

YES.

Front 13

MOA for Beta Lactam class:

Back 13

Inhibits transpeptidases (penicillin binding proteins- PBP) in bacterial cell wall

Front 14

Should two beta lactams be administered together?

Back 14

Probably not, but there are some exceptions.

Front 15

Beta lactam class lacks activity against:

Back 15

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

MRSA

Front 16

Only beta lactam that has activity against MRSA:

Back 16

Ceftaroline, a 5th generation cephalosporin

Front 17

Class penicillin: half life

Back 17

Short half life (< 2 hours) which is why it is often dosed multiple times per day

Front 18

Class penicillin: Renal effects

Back 18

Half life is prolonged in renal dysfunction

Front 19

Penicillin class ADE

Back 19

Hypersensitivity reactions

Diarrhea in oral forms

Poor absorption

Front 20

Natural Penicillin Agents

Back 20

Penicillin V (oral)

Penicillin G (IV)

Front 21

Natural Penicillins are resistant to:

Back 21

Staphylococci

Front 22

Natural Penicillin MOA

Back 22

Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death

Front 23

Natural Penicillin Spectrum: GOOD level

Back 23

Treponema Pallidum

Most streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 24

Natural Penicillin Spectrum: MODERADE level

Back 24

Enterococci

Front 25

Natural Penicillin Half Life

Back 25

Has a short half life- needs frequent dosing or continuous IV

Front 26

Natural Penicillin IM Forms

Back 26

Procaine

Benzathine

Front 27

Natural Penicillins: Drug of choice for---

Back 27

Syphilis --> Neurosyphilis

Streptococcal infections, pharyngitis, endocarditis

Front 28

Antistaphlococcal Penicillins: Agents

Back 28

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

Dicloxacillin

Front 29

Antistaphlococcal Penicillins: MOA

Back 29

Inhibit cross linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death

Front 30

Antistaphlococcal Penicillin Spectrum: GOOD

Back 30

MSSA

Streptococci

Front 31

Antistaphylococcal Penicillin Spectrum: POOR

Back 31

GNRs

Enterococci

Anaerobes

MRSA

Front 32

Antistaphylococcal Pencillin ADE

Back 32

Similar to other beta lactams- hypersensitivity

Higher chance of AIN

Front 33

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins can cause...

Back 33

Phlebitis

Front 34

Treatment for phlebitis (antistaphylococcal penicillin induced)

Back 34

1st generation cephalosporin

Front 35

Antistaphylococcal Pencillin Elimination

Back 35

Liver

Does not need to be adjusted for renal dysfuction

Front 36

Antistaphylococcal Penicillin- what they're good for

Back 36

MSSA infections: endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections

Front 37

Aminopencillins: Agents

Back 37

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Front 38

Aminopencillin: MOA

Back 38

Inhibit crosslinking of peptidoglycan in cell walls, leading to autolysis and cell death

Front 39

Aminopencillin Spectrum: GOOD

Back 39

Streptococci

Enterococci

Front 40

Aminopenicillin Spectrum: MODERATE

Back 40

Enteric GNRs

Haemophiles

Front 41

Aminopenicillin Spectrum: Poor

Back 41

Staphylococci

Anaerobes

Pseudomonas

Front 42

Aminopenicillin ADE

Back 42

Similar to other beta lactams: hypersensitivity

Diarrhea when administered orally

Front 43

Amoxicillin vs. Ampicillin (Aminopenicillins)

Back 43

Amoxicillin is more bioavailable, better tolerated, and administered less frequently.

Front 44

Oral Aminopenicillin

Back 44

Amoxicillin

Front 45

IV Aminopenicllin

Back 45

Ampicillin

Front 46

Ampicillin is DOC for...

Back 46

Susceptible Enterococci

Front 47

DOC for susceptible enterococci

Back 47

Ampicillin

Front 48

Aminopenicillins: What they're good for

Back 48

GNRs, enterococci and streptococci

Uncomplicated nosocomial infections

Front 49

Amoxicillin: What it's good for

Back 49

URTI (streptococcal pharangytis- strep throat)

Ear infection

Front 50

What is needed for bactericidal activity with aminopenicillins?

Back 50

Ampicillin must be combined with an aminoglycoside