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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"Anthropology" is Latin and stands for.... |
the scientific study of all human beings in all times and places. |
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What are the goals of anthropology? |
-describe, analyze, and explain different societies and cultures -show how groups adapted to their environments and gave meaning to their lives -comprehend the entire human experience |
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What is the holistic approach? |
It considers culture, history, language, and biology as essential to a complete understanding of society. It separates anthropology from other disciplines by seeking to understand human beings as whole organisms who adapt to their environments through a complex interaction of biology and culture. |
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Define "ethology." |
The study of animals in their natural environment. |
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Define "ethnography." |
The scientific description of the customs of a society, its people, and their culture. |
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Define "ethnology." |
The study of people in various environments and the similarities, differences, and relationships between them. |
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Define "zoonosis." |
When a disease jumps from one species to another. |
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Where did HIV/Aids come from? |
Chimps. |
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What are the five primary fields of specialization in anthropology? |
1. Cultural 2. Linguistic 3. Archaeology 4. Biological (physical) 5. Applied |
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What's a sixth field of specialization in anthropology? |
Trench anthropology- accepting poverty and working in anthropology because you love it. |
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What is cultural anthropology? |
The study of human behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted and is typical of groups of people. |
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What is culture? |
Made up of learned behaviors, involves use of Language and Symbols, patterned and integrated to some degree, shared by members of a group, adaptive, and subject to change. |
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True or false: tension between progressives and conservatives is a healthy dynamic for a society to have. |
True. Progression always wins out in the end, but the conservatives keep things from advancing too quickly. |
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What is the purpose of cultural anthropology? |
To describe, analyze, interpret, and explain social and cultural similarities and differences. |
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What's the difference between ethnology and ethnography? |
Ethnology is a cross-cultural comparison, while ethnography is fieldwork in a particular culture. |
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What are some examples of cultural anthropology? |
-political: concerned with issues of nationalism, citizenship, the state, colonialism, and globalism -humanistic: focused on the personal, ethical, and political choices facing humans. -visual: the study of visual representation and the media. |
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What is linguistic anthropology? |
It focuses on understanding language and its relation to culture. Historical linguists study how languages are related to each other. |
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Language expresses, reinforces, and perpetuates _______________. |
Cultural models. |
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What does ethnolinguistics do? |
Tries to extract rules of communication through participant observation. |
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What is sociolinguistics? |
It is concerned with the study of patterns of linguistic variation as derived from different speech situation.
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What is archaeology? |
The study of past cultures through their material remains. |
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Define "artifacts." |
Material remains of a past culture. |
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Define "features." |
artifacts that cannot easily be removed, such as ruins of buildings, burials, and fire pits. |
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What are some areas of specialization in archaeology? |
-urban archaeology: investigation of current-day cities -Cultural Resource Management (CRM): protection and management of archaeological, archival, and architectural resources. |
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What is biological anthropology? |
It studies humans from a biological perspective. |
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Define "paleoanthropology." |
Biological processes of human adaption. |
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Define "human variation." |
Physiological differences among modern humans. |
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Define "primatology." |
Study of apes for clues about the human species. |
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What is medical anthropology? |
It is concerned with the experience of disease as well as its distribution, prevention, and treatment. |
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What is forensic anthropology? |
The study and identification of skeletized or badly decomposed human remains. |
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What is applied anthropology? |
It seeks to analyze social, political, and economic problems and develop solutions. |
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Define "enculturation." |
The process of learning a culture. |
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Define "symbol." |
Something that stands for something else. |
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Define "ritual." |
Formal, repetitive behavior involving symbols. |
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Who are indigenous people? |
Groups of people who have occupied a region for a long time and are recognized by other groups as original inhabitants. |
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What is ethnocentrism? |
The belief that one's own culture is better than any or all other cultures (often ethnocentrism is just tribal pride, but it can lead to ethno-arrogance, which is not as innocent). |
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Define "anomie." |
A condition where social and moral norms are absent or confused. |
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Define "racism." |
It is often defined as the belief that some human populations are superior to others because of inherited, genetically transmitted characteristics. Racism- belief that race exists. Racialism- belief that one race is superior over another. |
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What is biological diversity? |
There is a wide diversity in human shapes and colors, but low levels of skeletal and blood type diversity. Also, people from the same region tend to share traits with each other. |
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What is bio-psychological equality? |
The fact that all human groups have the same biological and mental capabilities. |
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Race is....... (two words). |
Socially constructed. |
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What is cultural relativism? |
Understanding values and customs in terms of the culture of which they are a part. |
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Define "emic." |
Describes the organization and meaning a culture's practices have for its members. |
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Define "etic." |
Tries to determine the causes of particular cultural patterns that may be beyond the awareness of the culture being studied. |