Anatomy Urinary System Unit 1Ppt.

Front 1

Functions of the Urinary System

Back 1

1)Filtration of the blood
2)Reabsorption of vital nutrients, ions, and water
3)secretion of excess materials
4)activation of vitamin D
5)Realease of Erythropoietin by the kidney
6)Release of Renin by the kidney
7)Release of Prostaglandins
8)secretion of H(+1) and reabsorption of HCO3(-1)

Front 2

Filtration of the blood occurs where?

Back 2

in the glomerulus of the kidney nephron

Front 3

Filtration of the blood contributes to what and how?

Back 3

homeostasis by removing toxins or waste

Front 4

Reabsorption of vital nutrients, ions, and water occur where?

Back 4

in most parts of the kidney nephron

Front 5

reabsorption of vital nutrients, ions, and water contribute to what and how?

Back 5

homeostasis by conserving important materials

Front 6

secretion of excess materials does what?

Back 6

assists filtration in removing material from the blood

Front 7

secretion of excess materials contributes to what and how?

Back 7

homeostasis by preventing a buildup of certain materials in the body such as durgs, waste

Front 8

Vitamin D made in the _ is converted to vitamin _ by the _

Back 8

skin ; Vitamin D3 ; kidney

Front 9

D3 is what?

Back 9

active Vitamin D

Front 10

Active Vitamin D does what and how?

Back 10

assists homeostasis by increasing calcium absorption from the digestive tract

Front 11

the release of Erythropoietin does what?

Back 11

stimulates new RBC production

Front 12

New RBC's assist what and how?

Back 12

homeostasis by insuring adequate Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide transport

Front 13

The release of renin by the kidney stimulates what?

Back 13

the formation of a powerful vasoconstrictor called Angiotensin II

Front 14

Angiotensin II asissts in homeostasis how?

Back 14

by causing vasoconstriction whcih increases blood pressure

Front 15

release of prostaglandins does what?

Back 15

dilates kindey blood vessels

Front 16

dilated blood vessels contribute to homeostasis how?

Back 16

by maintaining blood flow in the kindeys

Front 17

secretion of H(+1) and reabsorption of HCO3 (-1) does what?

Back 17

eliminates excess hydrogen ions and conserves buffer material such as bicarbonate

Front 18

How does that contribute to (secretion H and reapsorption of HCO3) homeostasis?

Back 18

by controlling acid/base conditions in body fluids

Front 19

What's the function of the renal artery

Back 19

transports oxygenated blood from the heart and aorta to the kidney for filtration

Front 20

what's the function of the renal vein?

Back 20

transports filtered and deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the posterior vena cava and then the heart

Front 21

What's the function of the renal column?

Back 21

a passageway located between the renal pyramids found in the medulla and used as a space for blood vessels

Front 22

What's the function of the nephron?

Back 22

the physiological unit of the kidney used for filtration of blood and reabsorption and secretion of materials

Front 23

the capsule?

Back 23

the outer membrane that encloses, supports and protects the kidney

Front 24

cortex?

Back 24

the outer layer of the kidney that contains most of the nephron; the main site of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Front 25

medulla?

Back 25

inner core of the kidney that contains the pyramids, columns, papillae, calyces, pelvis, and parts of the nephron not located in the cortex; used for salt, water, and urea absorption

Front 26

renal pyramids

Back 26

triangular shaped units in the medulla that house the loops of Henle and collecting ducts of the nephron; site for the counter current system that concentrates salt and conserves water and urea

Front 27

renal papilla

Back 27

the tip of the renal pyramid that releases urine into a calyx

Front 28

calyx

Back 28

a collecting sac surrounding the renal papilla that transports urine from the papilla the the renal pelvis

Front 29

renal pelvis

Back 29

collects urine from all the calyces in the kidney

Front 30

ureter

Back 30

transports urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Front 31

Afferent Arteriole

Back 31

transports arterial blood to the glomerulus for filtration

Front 32

Efferent Arteriole

Back 32

transports filtered blood from the glomerulus, through the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta, and to the kidney venous system

Front 33

Glomerulus

Back 33

1)the site for blood filtration; operates as a nonspecific filter, in that, it will remove both useful and non-useful material

Front 34

the product of the glomerulus is called _.

Back 34

filtrate

Front 35

Bowman's Capsule

Back 35

a sac that encloses Bowman's Capsule and transfers filtrate from the glomerulus to the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Front 36

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Back 36

1)a thick, constantly actively segment of the nephron that reabsorbs most of the useful substances of the filtrate
2)the primary site for secretion

Front 37

What substances are absorbed through the tubule and what percent of them?

Back 37

sodium (65%), water (65%), bicarbonate (90%), chloride (50%), and glucose (nearly 100%)

Front 38

secretion

Back 38

elimination of drugs, waste, and hydrogen ions

Front 39

Descending Limb of the Loop of Henle info

Back 39

1)a part of the counter current multiplier
2)freely permeable to water and realtively impermeable to solutes (salt particles) 3)receives filtrate from the PCT, allows water to be absorbed and sends "salty" filtrate on the next segment (saves water and passes the salt)

Front 40

Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle info

Back 40

1)a part of the counter current multiplier
2)impermeable to water and actively transports (reabsorbs) salt (NaCl) to the interstitial fluid of the pyramids in the medulla (saves salt and passes the water)
3)the passing filtrate becomes dilute and the interstitium becomes hyperosmotic

Front 41

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)info

Back 41

1)receives dilute fluid from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2)variable active portion of the nephron

Front 42

when _ hormone is present _ is reabsorbed and _ is secreted. _ and _ follow the sodium.

Back 42

aldosterone; sodium; potassium; water; chloride

Front 43

collecting duct receives fluid from _

Back 43

the DCT

Front 44

collective duct info

Back 44

1)variably active portion of the Nephron
2)when antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is present, this duct will become porous to water
3) Water from the collecting duct fluid then moves by osmosis into the salty (hyperosmotic) interstitium of the medulla
4) this is the last segment to save water for the body

Front 45

peritubular capillaries

Back 45

1)transport reabsorbed materials from the PCT and DCT into kidney veins and eventually back into the general circulation
2) help complete the conservation process (reabsorption) that takes place in the kidney