3/3 Exam History Textbook 340-353

Front 1

Humanism

Back 1

Philosophical and literary study of what it means to be human

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Petrarch

Back 2

Francesco petrarca, one of the first humanist scholars, was responsible for the recovery of numerous works of classical Latin roman writers

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Vernacular

Back 3

In medieval and renaissance Europe, the dialects spoken in everyday life, in contrast to the literary language of Latin

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Bibliophile

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Lover and collector of books

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Emmanuel Chrysoloras

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Important Greek scholar who introduced the scientific works of ancient Greek philosophers to the west

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Autocrat

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Ruler who possesses absolute power

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Patron

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Person, usually powerful or wealthy, who financially supports the intellectual or artistic works of clients

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Client

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Artist or intellectual supported by a wealthy patron

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Lorenzo de'medici

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Ruler of florence and patron of artists, poets, and humanist scholars during the Italian renaissance

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Civic humanism

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Study and appreciation of classical republican forms of government

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Renaissance

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Literally, "rebirth", signifying a revival

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Michaelangelo buonarotti

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Painter, sculptor, poet, and architect, considered in his time to be the greatest artist Italy had ever produced

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Giotto di Bondone

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Best-known and most influencial painter of the middle ages

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Artisan

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Skilled craftsmen, such as a cabinetmaker, painter, or shoemaker

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Gentile Bellini

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Important venetian painter whose subject matter mainly Concerned venetian political and religious history

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Vatican

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Area on the north side of the Tiber in Rome where the Pope was living by the end of the 15th century

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Giorgio Vasari

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Italian architect and artist who wrote biographies of renaissance artists

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Filippo Brunelleschi

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Outstanding architect, painter, and engineer who introduced linear perspective I'm painting and designed the dome of Florence's cathedral

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Linear perspective

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Illusion of depth and three dimensional space in am image achieved by drawing the lines of the composition toward a vanishing point

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Vanishing point

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In a painting, the point at which all the lines converge to give the illusion of depth and three dimensions

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Masaccio

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Italian artist notable for his early experimentation with linear perspective

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Leonardo da vinci

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One of the world's greatest artists and engineers, most famous for his painting the mona lisa

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Sumptuary laws

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Municipal legislation restricting modes and expense of attire according to social status, profession, and, in the case of Jews, religion

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Book of hours

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Book or manuscript containing a calendar, prayers, and biblical passages for private devotion

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Psalter

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Book or manuscript containing the Psalms

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Tempera

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Egg-based medium that binds paint pigments, used in renaissance Italy

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Jan Van Eyck

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Influential Flemish painter whose pioneering use of rich colors and light conveyed unprecedented depth of field

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Patristics

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Study of the writings of the early church fathers, such as Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, and Pope Gregory l

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Desiderius Erasmus

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Dutch humanist, theologian, and textual scholar whose writing influenced the movement of church reform

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Kabbalah

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Field of Jewish mysticism dating to the 12th century but of greater interest in the 16th

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Johannes Gutenberg

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Inventor of the printing press, and printing from movable, in the west

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Aldus manutius

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Important venetian printer noted for publishing byzantine texts in the Greek alphabet