3/3 Exam History Textbook 375-378

Front 1

Isabella of castile and ferdinand of aragon

Back 1

Rulers who launched Spain's rise as a major European power in control of vast overseas empire

Front 2

Granada

Back 2

Last Muslim state on the Iberian peninsula, conquered by ferdinand and isabella in 1492

Front 3

New Christians/conversos

Back 3

Jews whom the state forced to convert to Christianity or face persecution and expulsion from Spanish territory

Front 4

Spanish inquisition

Back 4

Church court originally established to try new Christians suspected of observing there old Jewish practices in secret

Front 5

Moriscos

Back 5

Muslims in Spain who were forced to convert to Christianity or leave

Front 6

Habsburgs

Back 6

Dynastic family originating in Austria that provided many rulers there, and also in the netherlands, spain, and the Holy roman empire

Front 7

Charles V

Back 7

Heirs of ferdinand and Isabella in spain and of the holy roman emperor maximilian; the most powerful European ruler during the first half of the 16th century

Front 8

Mercenary armies

Back 8

Skilled professional armies under the command of generals who sold their services to european rulers

Front 9

Cortes

Back 9

In castile, a representative assembly of isabella's subjects that advised the queen and negotiated over taxes

Front 10

New world

Back 10

Term that Europeans used to refer to the americas

Front 11

Crown lands

Back 11

Lands owned by a ruler as his or her family estate

Front 12

Annuities

Back 12

Long term loans to European states guaranteeing an annual interest payment to the lender

Front 13

Protestantism

Back 13

Belief and practices of christians who broke with the romantic church in the 16th century

Front 14

Taille

Back 14

French royal tax first levied during the hundred years' war

Front 15

Francis l

Back 15

King of France who centralized royal rule, created at his court a vibrant renaissance culture, and unsuccessfully fought Charles V for control of Italy