3/3 Exam History Textbook 321-325

Front 1

Benefice

Back 1

Right to income from church office

Front 2

Conclave

Back 2

Meeting of church leaders to elect a new pope

Front 3

Pontiff

Back 3

One of the pope's titles, derived from pontifex maximus, the title of the chief priest of the state religion in pre-Christian Rome

Front 4

Abdicate

Back 4

To resign from an office, usually one with a life term

Front 5

Boniface viii

Back 5

Pope who reasserted the papacy's supreme authority over secular rulers

Front 6

Unam sanctam

Back 6

Declaration issued by Pope Boniface viii in 1302 that defined the supreme authority of the pope

Front 7

Avignon papacy

Back 7

From 1309 to 1377, the period of the papacy's residence in the city of avignon in what is today southern France

Front 8

Indulgence

Back 8

Cancellation of any punishment still due to sin after the sacrament of penance

Front 9

Purgatory

Back 9

Place in which the souls of the dead spend time to atone for the sins still remaining at the time of their death

Front 10

Great schism

Back 10

Split within the western church at the end of the avignon papacy over the 3 rivals to the office of the pope

Front 11

Conciliarism

Back 11

Theory that councils are the highest authoritative body in the church

Front 12

Sacraments

Back 12

Religious practices or ceremonies that symbolize a deeper religious reality; the 7 sacraments are baptism, communion (eucharist), comfirmation, confession (penance), ordination, marriage, and unction in sickness

Front 13

Catherine of Siena

Back 13

Holy woman known for her long fasts and mystic religious experiences; canonized in 1461

Front 14

Mysticism

Back 14

Belief that God can be experienced directly through contemplation and prayer

Front 15

Beguines

Back 15

Laywomen, mainly in the low countries of northern Europe, who lived communally to devote themselves to a spiritual life

Front 16

John Wycliffe

Back 16

Theologian from Oxford who questioned the fundamental teachings of the church

Front 17

Lollards

Back 17

Followers of John wycliffe, whose beliefs and social agenda drew the condemnation of the church

Front 18

Jan hus

Back 18

Czech theologian and reformer condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake

Front 19

Hussites

Back 19

Followers of Hus, whose execution in 1415 sparked a revolt and led to the establishment of a hussite government in czech Bohemia and the hussite church

Front 20

Mongols

Back 20

An Asiatic people whose empire at its height in the thirteenth century stretched from the Pacific to the Mediterranean

Front 21

Genghis khan

Back 21

Mongol ruler who conquered northern China and established the Mongol empire