Another interesting fact from the 1943 census is that foreigners outnumbered Cubans 3:1 as owners of businesses and manufacturing and mechanical industries. In Havana there was a high industrial, business and cultural activity (while in the rest of the country, particularly in agricultural areas, Cubans lived in poverty). Of the 20,160 civil servants, 54.2% were found in Havana, therefore we cannot but agree with Duarte Oropesa when he stated that "Cuba as a whole worked for Havana." During the period of presidency of Ramón Grau Sanmartín (1944-1948), plundering became institutionalized and civil servants speculated on everything. An example of the chaotic situation were the 47,337 tons of sugar that 'disappeared', to be sold later
