The purpose of this experiment is to determine is to be able to successfully transform Escherichia coli Bacteria, and make it ampicillin resistant when exposed to an extracellular plasmid of DNA. It involves introducing the E. coli and allowing it to adapt to the DNA of a new environment. The E. coli must be placed in a tube, into an ice bath, causing the cell to shrink. From there it is transferred to a preheated bath, where the cell is heat shocked, allowing the plasmids ' to enter the cell at a rapid pace, once the cell expands. After the tubes are incubated, they were transferred to six agar plates. There were two types of agar plates, one included the plasmid lux and the control plasmid pUC18. Every agar plate was labeled independently
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Transformation allows the bacteria to be introduced to a foreign plasmid. The bacteria is then amplified by the plasmid, allowing for larger quantities of it to exist. Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that contain genetic information that may enhance the growth of bacteria. The information is a protein, that when encoded, will make the bacteria, in this E. coli, resistant to any type of antibiotic. Plasmids came about as a result of bacteria evolving. Bacteria is most often grown in the same type of environment that contains molds and fungi, leading them to all compete for the same nutrients. Mold and fungi have evolved to make toxins in order to kill the bacteria off, leaving them with more food. Bacteria, in turn, then evolved to making proteins that shuts down the toxins, still making them a healthy competitor for food in the environment. A plasmid containing resistance to any antibiotic, it 's usually ampicillin, is called a vector. The gene of interest is placed into the vector plasmid, which is then placed into the, already sensitive to ampicillin, E. coli. The bacteria is then spread over an agar plate that contains ampicillin. The ampicillin then applies pressure to the bacteria that has acquired resistance to ampicillin, causing it to grow and continually replicate. There is colony growth, which is when there are individual spots of bacterial
Transformation allows the bacteria to be introduced to a foreign plasmid. The bacteria is then amplified by the plasmid, allowing for larger quantities of it to exist. Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that contain genetic information that may enhance the growth of bacteria. The information is a protein, that when encoded, will make the bacteria, in this E. coli, resistant to any type of antibiotic. Plasmids came about as a result of bacteria evolving. Bacteria is most often grown in the same type of environment that contains molds and fungi, leading them to all compete for the same nutrients. Mold and fungi have evolved to make toxins in order to kill the bacteria off, leaving them with more food. Bacteria, in turn, then evolved to making proteins that shuts down the toxins, still making them a healthy competitor for food in the environment. A plasmid containing resistance to any antibiotic, it 's usually ampicillin, is called a vector. The gene of interest is placed into the vector plasmid, which is then placed into the, already sensitive to ampicillin, E. coli. The bacteria is then spread over an agar plate that contains ampicillin. The ampicillin then applies pressure to the bacteria that has acquired resistance to ampicillin, causing it to grow and continually replicate. There is colony growth, which is when there are individual spots of bacterial