Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General Background (Framework): The Irish Republican Army, or IRA, fought the English rule over Northern Ireland in the twentieth century and aimed to unite Northern Ireland with Southern Ireland to form the Republic Ireland. It stemmed from the times of William of Orange in 1690, where William’s Protestant Army defeated Catholic King James II in the Battle of the Boyne[1]. In the years leading up to 1703, thousands of Catholics were deported and relocated to live in new areas. English Protestants seized land and owned 90% of the land in Ireland in 1703, which the Catholic peasants had to pay rent for.…
2/23/1983 – Ireland. Twelve Irish Republican Army guerillas blow up a British cargo vessel. 1/31/1983 – Four Korean sailors seize control of a 300 foot freighter. 12/27/1982 – Five pirates boarded a Swedish cargo vessel and stole rolls of cloth. 7/6/1982 – Crew men aboard the Coast Guard cutter “Boutwell” sabotaged the vessel to hijack a sailboat in tow containing marijuana.…
Ira Berlin 's Many Thousands Gone; The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America is a synthetic text that combines information from hundreds of books to form one comprehensive text concerning slavery in the North American colonies. The book begins following the arrival of the first Africans in Virginia in 1619 and ends around 1815 as the Age of Revolution recedes and the Antebellum Period begins. Berlin divides the book into different sections based on region and the time period. The four regions of the United States are the Chesapeake, which transforms into the upper South, the Low Country, the North, and Mississippi. Berlin further divides these four regions into three different time periods; these time periods are the Charter Generations, the Plantation Generations, in the Revolutionary Generations.…
Ira Berlin’s, “The Long Emancipation,” entails the truths and evidence that the abolishment of slavery was nothing near a swift and easy task as it had traditionally been assumed. She describes the struggles black Americans had to face in their fight for freedom, and what they had to endure throughout the struggle for emancipation. In addition, Berlin explains how black Americans found a means to prosper in their own way, despite all odds being against them in America. Ira Berlin counter-argues the idea that emancipation was quick and simple, explains the use of Revolutionary ideas in the struggle for abolition and securing a black culture in white society, and how these ideas stirred conflict between black Americans and white Americans.…
Consequently, those members of the IRA who believed an atrocity had occurred by allowing the 6 northern counties to remain under British rule began their push to unify Ireland. After years of harassing violence toward the British rule two separate approaches were adopted within the IRA. The southern based IRA leadership, headquartered in Dublin, adopted a political and diplomatic approach centered on a non-violent resolve for…
1) What legal arguments can be made to show that the British Anti-Terrorism Act was unjust? Explain using examples from the film and legal concepts and theories. The British Anti- Terrorism Act of 2000 was the first act against terrorism. The act allowed the police to hold individuals, who are suspected terrorists in custody for 7 days without unreasonable evidence. The act also gave police the right to stop and search individuals without any probable cause.…
Audrey Cronin, another specialist in terrorism, believes that terrorism has religious roots. She states there are four types of terrorist organizations which are left wing terrorists, right wing terrorists, ethnonationality/separatist terrorists, and religious terrorists. She feels each type has different motivations. She believes that left-wing terrorists engage in kidnappings, murders, arsons, and bombings and are directed at elite targets (Cronin 38). The right wing terrorists indicate their targets whether it be race, religion, or immigrants (Cronin 38).…
One might say I’ve experienced my share of fright, heartache, and disappointment in life. Born in 1940 in Berlin, Germany to a very strict Jewish family, it seemed as though my life was destined to be like any other European Jew at that time: deathly persecution by the ever-present population of anti-semites in Europe. Shortly after the Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, my parents, older sister, and I fled to live with my great aunt in Barcelona, Spain. Looking back on that event, I consider myself greatly blessed to have fled from the evil and persecution of the Nazis, for many Jews didn’t have that privilege. Even at a young age while living in Spain, I often felt feelings of guilt, for many of my fellow Jews were being killed by the thousands each day.…
Everyone might have a different definition for what terrorism is, since this is a question that the answer will depend on who is the observer; however, in my perspective I do not believe that “they were a bunch of terrorist.” Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, which is especially against civilians, for the pursuit of political aims. Terrorists attack civilians to create panic and fear, and to pressure the government to give into their demands. In this case the colonists just refused to submit to the authority if the king and parliament of Great Britain. For this reason, I do not see a reason on why or how they could have been a bunch of terrorists, in my perspective the American Revolutionary War was not an act…
Another issue under Thatcher’s time was the Irish Hunger Strikes. After the government removed the “Special Category Status” in prisons in 1976, Irish Republicans started protesting. They wanted to regain the status as Prisoners of War and the benefits this status gave. Among these benefits were the right not to do prison work and not to wear a prison uniform. Some prisoners refused to wear the issued clothes and wrapped themselves in blankets, and later they refused to wash themselves.…
Deep down everyone's greatest desire is to overthrow government, kidnap innocent people and be a top terrorist group and fight for the poor! Am I right, or am I right? The cute little FARCin group, FARC has all of the above opportunities for you if you join! They successfully have displayed their ability to do all of these things. It is for that reason that they have received the "Terrorist Robin Hood" award.…
A Comparison of Terrorism in 1975 with Terrorism Today Terrorism has been a major contributor to the way that society is currently set up in the twenty-first century. The public response to the presence of terrorists is often the exact kind of reaction that these operations are aiming for. When George W. Bush claimed that the terrorists hated America because of its freedom (which is obviously a gross oversimplification of the motivations behind terrorist attacks) he was ironically signing various bills such as the Patriot Act that would constrict the freedoms of the American people. Therefore, if the terrorists had wanted to affect the freedom of the American people it very clearly did through the attacks on September eleventh.…
On 8 November 2007 two RIRA members shot an off-duty PSNI officer as he sat in his car on Bishop Street in Derry, causing injuries to his face and arm.[95] On 12 November another PSNI member was shot by RIRA members in Dungannon, County Tyrone.[95][96] On 7 February 2008, the RIRA stated that, after experiencing a three-year period of reorganisation, it intends to "go back to war" by launching a new offensive against "legitimate targets".[97] It also, despite having apologised for the Omagh bombing,[98] denied any large scale involvement with the attack and said that their part had only gone as far as their codeword being used.[97] On 12 May 2008 the RIRA seriously injured a member of the PSNI when a booby trap bomb exploded underneath his…
To the Irish this period in the island’s history is seen as the iconic moment of English rule on the island. Cromwell ravaged the country in search of power. It did not matter who got killed or what they had done. In the strict sense Cromwell can therefore not be accused of ethnic cleansing.…
The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century were years of radical change in Ireland that forced the Irish people to define their identity. The Nationalist Movement, which drove this most of this change came to engulf the nation as a multifaceted call for the reclamation of an independent Irish identity though culture, religion, and policy which were greatly influenced by traditional Gaelic values. These values, shaped by Christianity, tribal culture, and farming, were the mainstay of Irish society prior to English rule. After years of rising conflict and civil war, the Treaty with England was signed in 1922 which granted Ireland independence, .…