Back in the day kings and emperors were actually not the only rulers that consolidated their power in the high Middle Ages; popes also did, and that was through a series of measures that would make the church more independent of secular control. “Under the leadership of a series of reforming popes in the eleventh century, the church tries to end this practice” (p.267). It was the popes’ efforts that were sometimes challenged by the medieval kings and emperors, in which the wealth of the church came under sharp criticism. During the 11th and 12th centuries, the Gregorian reforms a series of church reforms took place. Pope Gregory Vii put this movement forth. This movement arose out of a chaotic, morally bankrupt Europe, which stemmed from
