Stress Management Model

Stress Management Griffin and Clarke’s (2010) gave another general overview of stress. First, seven different models of stress were discussed. Demand-Control Model, Role Stress Model, Challenge-Hindrance Model, and Conservation of Resources (COR) Model were already covered in the previous readings. Sociocognitive model claimed that stress came from the interaction between the environment, individuals’ appraisals of the environment, and attempts to cope with the issues. (The name of the model seemed new, but the context was familiar) Cybernetic model was also briefly introduced in the previous reading, but detailed goals and feedback loops in the cybernetic approach were provided here. Burnout model focused on the negative outcomes of strain …show more content…
This study would be a more detailed summary of stress interventions that organizations have adopted, comparing to the Griffin and Clarke’s (2010) chapter book. Building on the van der Kink et al.’s (2001) meta-analysis study, this study embraced more recent studies, including both published and unpublished sources (e.g., dissertations, conference proceedings, book chapters, etc.) to reduce publication biases. Total sample consisted of 2847 participants through 55 interventions, conducted in diverse countries. SMIs were primarily secondary interventions, but many of the SMIs consisted of multiple types of interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral training and mediation at the same time). Outcome variables of the intervention programs were also varied, more than 60 different outcome variables, including psychological measure (e.g., stress, anxiety, general mental health, and job/work satisfaction) and physiological measure (e.g., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, galvanic skin response, and cholesterol). The overall effect size from each intervention (d) was 0.526, which was a medium to large effect. In the rest of the article, the authors focused on moderators of interventions, such as intervention type, the number of treatment components, the length of treatment, and industry sector. It turned out that cognitive-behavioral interventions had the largest effect size (i.e., it was the most effective methods for managing stress), supporting other previous studies. However, the most popular type of intervention was relaxation and meditation techniques, not cognitive-behavioral interventions. Interestingly, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions decreased when added more components, such as relaxation, assertiveness, time management, etc. Also, longer training programs did not necessarily mean higher