The era of the Cold War introduced a common practice of risk preparedness through the civil defense model as result of the threat of a nuclear attack from the Soviet Union (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2014). Although, emergency management in the sense we know today was not fully existent during the cold war, but the principles that that civil defense model was established has carried into modern day. Certain measures were set in place such as identification of bomb shelters to protect individuals and families (Haddow, et al, 2014). Today, similar practices remain in place regarding preparedness, emergency managers identify shelters within a community for residents to occupy during emergencies, storms and power outages. The civil defense
