No true significance was found among the variables in the Beatson, Loughnan, and Halloran (2009) results. Those participants with high creatureliness and MS did record high self-esteem, which in turn predicted less negative attitudes toward their pet companions. Special treatment of their animals was less accepted after the MS and human creatureliness. A human is likely to have a more positive attitude toward a pet and the special treatment of that pet if that human being sees their ‘species’ as unique and ever-changing.
Companion animals and the powerful connection with humans are a cultural norm. The animal-human bond can be both negative and positive. Pets are described as a cat or dog that contributes to the positive health effects of a …show more content…
Other factors of fear leading to animal phobias were from indirect experience (modeling) and instructions or transmission of information. The researcher combined this with the abundance of warnings and instructions given in today’s Western Society to create these avoidance behaviors. Anxiety, fear, and heart rate all increased significantly in the presence of the threatening stimuli.
Specific phobias (SP) are the first characteristic of an anxiety disorder to be present (Burstein et al 2012). Phobias are a fear of a particular object or situation that leads to avoidance of that object or situation. Overgeneralization effecting other similar situations can be a result of these avoidance behaviors. SPs have a lifetime prevalence of ten percent (Hunsley, Elliott, & Therrien, 2014). These phobias are seen in an individual as early as childhood and could lead to the increased vulnerability of the pathology and diagnosis of an anxiety …show more content…
Burstein et al (2012) researched adolescents 13 to 18 years old using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI) to assess types of disorders and fears. The relevance between the DSM-IV/V types of phobias and the nature and prevalence of the phobias was the main importance in this study. Six fear types were categorized as animals, storms, water, blood/injuries, closed spaces, and high places. Water and high places were considered natural environment subtypes, and closed spaces were seen as situational subtypes. Questions were asked and ratings were charted to further the specific occurrence of the phobia onset as well as the age of onset. The majority of the adolescents had experienced at least one phobia within their lifetime, and a significant difference between sexes was determined. Female adolescents showed higher reactions towards and corresponding with a phobia than
Companion animals and the powerful connection with humans are a cultural norm. The animal-human bond can be both negative and positive. Pets are described as a cat or dog that contributes to the positive health effects of a …show more content…
Other factors of fear leading to animal phobias were from indirect experience (modeling) and instructions or transmission of information. The researcher combined this with the abundance of warnings and instructions given in today’s Western Society to create these avoidance behaviors. Anxiety, fear, and heart rate all increased significantly in the presence of the threatening stimuli.
Specific phobias (SP) are the first characteristic of an anxiety disorder to be present (Burstein et al 2012). Phobias are a fear of a particular object or situation that leads to avoidance of that object or situation. Overgeneralization effecting other similar situations can be a result of these avoidance behaviors. SPs have a lifetime prevalence of ten percent (Hunsley, Elliott, & Therrien, 2014). These phobias are seen in an individual as early as childhood and could lead to the increased vulnerability of the pathology and diagnosis of an anxiety …show more content…
Burstein et al (2012) researched adolescents 13 to 18 years old using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI) to assess types of disorders and fears. The relevance between the DSM-IV/V types of phobias and the nature and prevalence of the phobias was the main importance in this study. Six fear types were categorized as animals, storms, water, blood/injuries, closed spaces, and high places. Water and high places were considered natural environment subtypes, and closed spaces were seen as situational subtypes. Questions were asked and ratings were charted to further the specific occurrence of the phobia onset as well as the age of onset. The majority of the adolescents had experienced at least one phobia within their lifetime, and a significant difference between sexes was determined. Female adolescents showed higher reactions towards and corresponding with a phobia than