Indwelling Ureteroscopy?

First ureteroscopy was done in 1912 by Hugh Hampton Young on a patient with posterior urethral valve.1 First ureteroscopic removal of ureteric stone was performed by Huffman in 1983.2 Among various treatment modalities for ureteral calculi, ureteroscopy is one of the options.3The procedure of stone removal have become more effective with decrease in the size of the ureteroscope and the use of flexible variety. Since 1967 the placement of stents has been a standard practice.3
Ureteroscopy is recommended as first line therapy for ureteral stones if indicated for active removal by American Urological Association Endourological Society Guideline 2016 with Evidence Level Grade B4 and European Association of Urology Guideline 2016 with Recommendation Grade A.5 Semi-rigid Ureteroscope remain the most commonly used type of scope for access to the upper urinary tract.6 …show more content…
The placement of an indwelling ureteral stent is required for any condition that produces a physiologically significant ureteral obstruction. A stent can bypass intrinsic (e.g. stone, stricture, tumor, blood clot, post surgical edema) or extrinsic (e.g., fibrosis, adenopathy, tumor) causes of ureteral obstruction, re-establishing urinary flow from the kidney to the bladder. There are numerous types and sizes of ureteral stents to choose from. Ureteral stents vary in material, design, size & type of surface coating (Mardis et al,