The most important concept was encomienda, which allowed the government to indenture leftover natives to certain high class colonists in return for trying to ‘Christianize’ them and rid the natives of their ‘pagan’ ways. This was basically a form of slavery, as most natives were overworked and denied basic rights. Encomienda led to the erasure of native people’s culture, religion, and identity so that they could further assimilate with the new European…
The Dawes Act, which divided the reservation area into separate 160-acre plots for each Native American family, was passed by the U.S. Congress. However, the act weakened the Native Americans’ culture since the idea of private land ownership introduced an unfamiliar level of competition. Due to this disadvantage, it is understandable that some believe that the purpose of the Dawes Act was to divide Native Americans and to eliminate their culture. Then, more than half of Native Americans’ reservation land was lost as a result of homesteading. Because of this, the Native American population in the United States decreased drastically between 1850 and 1900.…
The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to a piece of land that was designated as Native Territory. In 1803 the Indian Removal Act was passed leading to the removal of the Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Seminoles, and Cherokees were relocated off their land. The trek was over 1,000 miles long and thousands of people died while being transported. Before the Indian Removal Act, the tribes were thriving in the southeastern United States. White americans saw American Indians as unfamiliar, alien people, causing them to try to “civilize” them by trying to make them as much like white americans as possible.…
“Race itself is fiction” (603) is said by Linda Holtzman and Leon Sharpe, authors of “Theories and Constructs of Race” in this they describe the terms that they believe to have heavy influences on all cultures across the globe. All of these terms these authors define can be well applied to the writings of David Treuer in his piece “Rez Life”. Treuer writes about the hard times that the Native Americans had struggled through during America's growth periods. The Indigenous people described in Treuer’s “Rez Life” can relate to Holtzman & Sharpe’s concepts of race through being racially discriminated against by being forced to assimilate to American customs and were subjected to feel as the inferior culture; despite these negativities, some Native…
Assimilation Viewed Differently In the article “‘Blackicans’ and Other Reinvented Americans” Richard Rodriguez defines assimilation as something that happens when a person comes into a group, and becomes more like that group. Rodriguez is for and against assimilation he states “i am in favor of assimilation. i am not in favor of assimilation. i recognize assimilation”, he sees it as something that is inevitable(91).…
During the 1890’s racism was a big deal in America. African Americans faced major racial problems and the right to be free. Native Americans faced having to move from their ancestral lands. The United States army had no justification to attack Native Americans at Wounded Knee.…
Europeans have had an impact on many peoples’ life and culture. This was no different when the Europeans first came to America and encountered the natives. When the English and the Puritans first arrived, the Native Americans handled them in different ways. Some welcomed them with open arms, while others approached them with caution. ; however, despite handling the Europeans differently, the natives were still impacted by them all the same.…
Manifest Destiny, a strong sense of American nationalism and vision of social perfection, was an aggressive expansion movement that diminished the presence of other civilizations throughout the country. The introduction of Europeans in early America was the foundation of Manifest Destiny, as it was when the major seizing of the native civilizations’ land occurred. Forwarding in time to 1800, there were many acts of imperialism that contributed to the development of the expanding ideology of Manifest Destiny. A sense of American nationalism is a motivator for expansion.…
The United States is a very diverse country with a multicultural background. There are many ethnic backgrounds who all have their own way in which they do things, whether it’s religion or something that their culture is known for doing. However, in order to become a “full American”, one must either set aside or give up their own way of life. They are going to be expected to assimilate culturally. This means that they are expected to all share a common idea, value, or belief as everyone else in the United State.…
Before the 1870s, European Americans believed that the “civilization” of American Indians would be slow and would depend on the separation of Indians and Americans. After the construction of the transcontinental railroad, Americans came to believe that Indians needed to be changed quickly (pg. 149). Coercive assimilation encompassed many policies dealing with the education, culture, and religion of the Sioux people. There was the emergence of an Indian schooling system through the 1880s. At first, Sioux parents were willing to send their children to schools because they believed education was necessary to recover lost lands (pg. 151).…
Throughout history, minority groups have experienced countless oppressive acts. Minority group oppression has led to a lack of culture preservation. Racial strife in Arc of Justice; forced assimilation in Bury My Heart at wounded Knee; the fight between the genders in Mays Homeward Bound; authoritarian governments and their subjects in With The Old Breed, and the victimization of poor people in the Worst Hard Time each share the theme of oppression. People in positions of power enact oppression. Oppressors refuse to assimilate the issues of a minority group.…
The goals of settler colonialism led to the mistreatment of Native Americans, Mexicans, Africans, and African Americans, and because of the history of the country as well as the nature of U.S. government, these groups of people are still discriminated against today. The persistence of such a structure, in regards to Native Americans, is due to the fact that indigenous people who originally resided on the land that white Americans claim as their own have not left, the white colonizers are still present, and the two groups still do not necessarily see eye to eye. The fact that the effects of settler colonialism, along with settler colonialism itself, have persevered over time have led to distorted concepts of what it means to belong in U.S. society. One effect of settler colonialism is the existence of Indian Reservations.…
Emigrating from China, my parents and ancestors share a strikingly different habit of music listening than my brothers and I. During their early childhood years, my parents viewed popular music at the time solely as a form of religion. However, as my parents settled into America after immigrating in 1994, the consumption of popular music began to link the traditional Chinese way-of-life with the new American life my parents chose. The role that music had on my parents differs from how my grandparents consumed and used music during their childhood. My grandparents mainly used music as a form of religion and meditation. The Buddhist mantras and hymns consumed by my grandparents reveal a religious channel that shaped the understanding of music…
As Europeans expanded across the nation the status of Native Americans “changed from a majority culture of peoples living in sovereign nations to a disadvantaged minority living apart from mainstream U.S culture and subordinate to U.S law” (Shaw et.al.2015:31). The model of economic/political disempowerment applies to the Native Americans as seen through the Indian nations loss of land, power, and independence, all of which has had lasting consequences. An example of such model is the decline of sovereignty, in the beginning period of Sovereignty (1700s-1830s) native nations and the British/U. S government entered treaties as co-equals when exchanging demands, doing such over 400 treaties were signed between the groups which suggest that there was a respect for the native communities as being independent nations (Wk:3, Lecture 2). The period of sovereignty declined steadily as Europeans expanded westward which put white settlers into frequent contact with the native population. The white settlers greedily craved the natives land and resources which created conflict that they thought they could resolve with treaties but the growing U.S population proved to be too much to peacefully resolve with treaties.…
-According to Joseph Healey (2002), “cultural assimilation is demonstrated when the minority group suppresses their language, food, lifestyle, and way of living in order to adapt to a different system with a total different regime than the one they were used to practice (p. 49). Usually, this happens when they move to another territory. Secondary structural assimilation is defined when the minority group adapts to the new culture they decided to reside and starts to educate himself or herself to learn a new language, work, and even make a “good impression” that he or she has already adjusted to the dominant group. Primary assimilation, takes place after the secondary assimilation is completed. After, the minority group enters to the secondary…