Due to numerous disadvantages (e.g. socioeconomic and education), awareness of the history of injustice and discrimination, fear of additional burden and commitment, poor understanding of research processes, ineffective recruitment procedures, and unfavorable researcher attributes, result in minorities not wanting to participate in research (Table 1). Researchers, their teams, and institutions can create facilitators for engaging minorities in research. These facilitators are a combination of tangible (e.g. providing health services) and non-tangible (showing respect and compassion for minorities) recruitment, retention, and barrier reduction strategies (Table 1). Minority individuals should be empowered, convinced of the relevance of the
