23. Compare and contrast norm-referenced and criterion-referenced standards. How are they used? How are they different? What do they tell us with regard to student performance?
Norm-referenced standards are determined by gathering data on the performance of a large number of individuals who have specifically defined characteristics. These standards allow for the comparison of an individual’s performance against individuals with similarities based on same age, sex, etc. Along with that, norm-referenced standards assist in eligibility decisions, provide information that can be easily communicated to parents, and are research-based. On the other hand, criterion-referenced standards describe a task, by usually using the minimum competency. The performance of these standards is measured in approximation to the criterion. These standards easily identify student skills/progress and assist teachers in planning the next skill to be taught. Both of these standards give us information about student performance, but we need to be careful when interpreting them. Norm-referenced standards will tell us …show more content…
For example, the following is a factual statement, “Sam has 30 degrees of extension in his right arm.” Statements of probability describe performances that are very likely based on what has been observed and on theoretical foundations. An example of this is “Sam has 30 degrees of extension in his right arm, and it is very possible that he can’t throw a ball.” Statements of inference are actual degrees of probability that should be supported by statements of fact, when possible. A illustrate, a statement of inference going along with the previous example is “Because Sam is 12 years old and has such a severe case of cerebral palsy that limits his right arm extension, I can assume that he will never be able to throw a ball with any degree of
Norm-referenced standards are determined by gathering data on the performance of a large number of individuals who have specifically defined characteristics. These standards allow for the comparison of an individual’s performance against individuals with similarities based on same age, sex, etc. Along with that, norm-referenced standards assist in eligibility decisions, provide information that can be easily communicated to parents, and are research-based. On the other hand, criterion-referenced standards describe a task, by usually using the minimum competency. The performance of these standards is measured in approximation to the criterion. These standards easily identify student skills/progress and assist teachers in planning the next skill to be taught. Both of these standards give us information about student performance, but we need to be careful when interpreting them. Norm-referenced standards will tell us …show more content…
For example, the following is a factual statement, “Sam has 30 degrees of extension in his right arm.” Statements of probability describe performances that are very likely based on what has been observed and on theoretical foundations. An example of this is “Sam has 30 degrees of extension in his right arm, and it is very possible that he can’t throw a ball.” Statements of inference are actual degrees of probability that should be supported by statements of fact, when possible. A illustrate, a statement of inference going along with the previous example is “Because Sam is 12 years old and has such a severe case of cerebral palsy that limits his right arm extension, I can assume that he will never be able to throw a ball with any degree of