Descartes prefers creating new concepts rather than building knowledge on old philosophies: “To reach certainty- to cast aside the loose earth and sand so as to come upon rock and clay”-He said. Descartes argues that, he needs to think and experience himself to confirm a scientific truth. To even establish a sturdier foundation and seek further knowledge, he looks for reasons to doubt his own opinion. If there is doubt about the basic principles of his opinions, he will doubt his other opinions.…
I will then proceed to analyze the third meditation in which Descartes focuses on a causal argument for existence of God who is perfect. By the end of the third meditation, Descartes appears to prove that he is not God and that God exists. Descartes knows that he exists by the very fact of “cogito”. He cannot doubt that he exists because something cannot doubt or have awareness and not exist.…
The purpose of Descartes’ argument of doubt is to encourage us to doubt the truth in everything. Some would argue that the doubt argument is not valid because its conclusion does not follow its premises. While this is a strong observation, it overlooks the three arguments Descartes’ used to strengthen his premise on doubt - perceptual illusion, the dream problem, and a deceiving god. In the first case, perceptual illusion illustrates that things are not always just as they seem and since we cannot all be sure about what is true and what is not, it is our best interest to doubt any sensory knowledge. The dream problem claims that it is possible to doubt any physical thing actually exists and that there is an external world.…
To build his argument, Descartes begins by working with the premise of there being a God: “Clearly the idea of God, that is, the idea of a supremely perfect being, is one I discover to be no less within me than the idea of any figure or number. And that it belongs to God’s nature that he always exists is something I understand no less clearly and distinctly than is the case when I demonstrate in regard to some figure or number that something also belongs to the nature of that figure or number.” (Descartes, 59). In this quote, Descartes outlines why he believes that there is a God. The rationality he employs is based upon understanding the concept of God as being supremely perfect.…
In Descartes’ second meditation, he offers up an argument for Defective Nature Doubt that brings forth the idea that we can’t be certain of anything we perceive being actual and real (153). Descartes thinks that there is a possibility that we are constantly being deceived due to the fact that we don’t know, with perfect certainty, where our ideas originate from (154). He tries to describe a method in order to dispel this Defective Nature Doubt by giving an argument for the existence of God. I think that the argument he gives for the existence of God is valid, yet I find it to be unsound due to the fact that a few of his premises are can easily be doubted. In order to express this opinion, I will first provide explanations of the premises and…
Descartes begins this argument with the confirmation that God exists. He suggests that God exists because…
Descartes may not be able to know the truth, but this will allow him to not fall for what is false. In his second meditation, Descartes expresses that everything he sees is not real and that his memories, senses, or physical surroundings cannot be trusted. For a moment, Descartes doubts his own existence, questioning whether it is he who controls his own thoughts or if it is a higher power, God, who has control over him. Descartes also denies the notion of body, sense, and mind; he almost denies his entire existence but resolves this statement by saying that if an evil demon is trying to deceive him then…
However, his position could rather be seen as an anti-sceptical one, because, instead of believing that everything was merely false and that nothing existed, he just held nothing to be true and inspected the potential existence of something. The philosopher provided an evidence of this willed approach when he stated: “I will follow this strategy until I discover something that is certain or, at least, until I discover that it is certain only that nothing is certain” (Descartes. II Meditation. Pag. 23). With this desire, Descartes inspected possible reasons for doubting, before reaching the goal of finding a fundamental truth.…
Descartes’ “Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy” is ultimately his journey for true knowledge. In his third meditation he tackles the topic of whether or not there is a God. So far he has talked on his methods of how to find true knowledge such as taking everything that he thinks he knows and discarding it as well as only basing what is true on the fact that he can prove it within his own mind. He has concluded this for multiple reasons such as his senses may all be just a dream and the fact that he may have been deceived by an outside force.…
Perhaps sensing this, Descartes makes the claim that simply supposing he is dreaming causes him to nearly convince himself that he is in fact dreaming. But in later conceding that he could not maintain this uncertainty – blaming it on “indolence” – Descartes reveals the impossibility of consciously generating doubt and truly holding such an opinion. Descartes’ method of doubt is also flawed in its conclusion. The Cogito may well stand as an impressive piece of assured knowledge – albeit one which had more or less already been stated in different forms by Aristotle some thousand years before. Yet according to Arnold Berleant, “Descartes' proof of his existence… follows, not from his use of the method of doubt, but from his adoption of that method” (1966).…
Rene Descartes the father of modern philosophy, a philosopher known to believe things to be true until it was proven otherwise. In these meditations Descartes had complex opinions. In the case of Descartes in meditations a greater individual than him existed. Descartes’ claim insisted with the existence of the idea of God to the real existence of God. To support his argumentative opinions, Descartes points two distinct arguments that were utilized by “Augustine in the fourth century and Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century” (Shouler).…
As we can see from its name, particularly the “self” part, it relies wholly on the opinion of the very person who believes in it. Thus self-evidence is completely subjective. Herein lays a major problem with the self-evident proposition. What may be self-evident to one person cannot be said for another. The subjective qualities of Descartes work are further amplified with the language that can be seen throughout meditations.…
The philosopher René Descartes expresses his belief that he has proven the existence of God beginning in Meditation III. By this time in his meditations, Descartes has concluded that the only thing he can be sure of is that he exists and is a thinking thing. Through this thinking, he concludes that he knows nothing for certain. Descartes begins considering the existence of God by examining the contents of his mind. It is through his innate idea of God that Descartes concludes that God exists, and through God’s existence his understanding of the material world as a whole is concluded.…
Descartes has established his method of doubt in the first meditation. He realizes there were a lot of faults in his previous beliefs. Therefore he seeks a method…
Descartes goes into questioning whether his existence is valid since all of our surroundings and understandings can be undone with doubt. This is hyperbolic doubt, the beginning of methodological doubt which is a technique Descartes believes we should use to rid ourselves of inaccurate thinking. He poses the question of how do we know that we exist if we cannot depend on our sense and math if there is a being that can deceive us every step of the way and leaves the physical world as nonexistent were that the case. With this, he reckons that even there is a deceiving demon, the fact that he can think cannot be denied and declares it as “cogito ergo sum” or “I think, therefore, I am” (Meditation II). To affirm existence is to be able to think, even if we do not have a body which encompasses all the senses that could be deceived therefore making it impossible to exist.…