Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance (AR) is where formerly effective medications are having less and less impact on bacteria. The few gram-negative AR resistant bacteria discussed were MERSA resistant staph, KPC, and the NDM1 enzyme with its gene found on 11 different bacterias. Alexander Fleming, founder of the first antibiotic even warned us about this very thing. Now more than ever there is an increasing urgency to find an answer to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.…
For more than 70 years, antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial infections of the body. The first appearance of this life changing medicine, was in the 1940’s on the battlefield. This medicine was named penicillin, the drug saved many from the brink of death, by fighting bacterial diseases; from then on antibiotics changed the face of medicine. Infection was no longer an impregnable wall that had to be broken down before the real treatment could begin, infections could be treated on site, at moments notice. As time passed, the world became co-dependent on the use of antibiotics to treat all of the body 's infections, and was repeatedly misused.…
Infectious Diseases Society of America 's (IDSA) ultimately desires to create public policy and research activities that will salvage the damage of the overuse of antibiotics and save lives (Clinical). The GAIN act should be bolstered to make sure that antibiotics are being used appropriately (Clinical). An ‘Antibiotic Innovation and Conservation (AIC) Fee’ should be created where 75 percent of the funding should go towards the monetary funds of antibiotic development and the other 25 percent should be applied towards the funding of antimicrobial stewardship (Clinical). Public Health Antimicrobial Advisory Board (PHAAB) should recognize “priority pathogens” to pinpoint “incentives” within the Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance (STAAR)…
Funding is essential to this so it is important that funding is increased and maintained in the area to support work into finding solutions to antibiotic resistance. From 2010-2014 the spending by the National Institute of Health on antibiotic resistance was $1.7 billion compared to $26.5 billion spent on cancer research (13). This disproportionate allocation of funding demonstrates that, whereas cancer is very important, antibiotic resistance is receiving far too little attention. This imbalance suggests that because the effects of this problem are more subtle they draw less attention. This shows that there is not appropriate focus on antibiotic resistance which is a very important issue that will only worsen without more…
Dalise Atwell BIO 212 Dr. Boles Excelsior College Penicillin and its Impact on Microbiology Penicillin has saved many lives past and current. “Before the discovery and use of penicillin, infectious diseases had been the leading cause of death throughout history. Furthermore, the therapeutic tools available for treating infections were few and of limited use. ”(Kardos 2011) Penicillin has been the drug of choice when treating many diseases.…
The plot of this book was well structured with the authors delivering educative facts about what antibiotics are in general, the impacts they do have on diseases such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and how they make surgery and cancer chemotherapy safe. They continue to further educate their readers about the early days research to discover antibiotics from the soil to how they accidentally discovered the penicillin in the lab and how widely it got known during the global war era. ‘Thanks to PENICILLIN…he will come home’ was written on a famous poster during the war. After the discovery of antibiotics, little did we know that for the fact that the microbes have been around way before humans and plants existed, the resistance to antibiotics would emerge even after the misuse in humans, agriculture and…
However, over time bacteria mutate to protect themselves against antibiotics, making treatment no longer effective. Professor Qiao stated "It is estimated that the rise of superbugs will cause up to ten million deaths a year by 2050. In addition, there have only been one or two new antibiotics developed in the last 30 years”. The University of Queensland located in Australia. (July 21, 2015).…
Since the development of penicillin, countless lives have been saved over the years but over-prescribing and misuse of the medication has played a large role in the antibiotic resistance crisis. As a result, resistant strains of S. aureus have grown and spread into the community, some even showing resistance to multiple antibiotics (Ventola, 2015). Prior to the discovery of penicillin, death due to bacterial infections was quite common. When penicillin was first introduced to the public in the 1940's, it was found to be very effective at curing bacterial illnesses and also played an immense role in controlling infections during WWII. 10 years after it's introduction to the public, the first case of penicillin resistant S. aureus was…
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics that at one time were able to kill them. It is a growing issue in today’s society especially since it is unknown how these microbes are able to mutate around a treatment that was once lethal to them. The consensus in the healthcare community is that these microbes will be an increasing threat until a solution is found. There is still discussion and controversy over the best method of identification and infection control that should be put into practice to prevent the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria. However, the most prevalent controversy surrounding this topic seems to be over how the taxpayer’s money is best spent related to new treatment of these microbes,…
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of drugs (About Antimicrobial Resistance). It happens when the antibiotic loses its ability to control or kill bacterial growth in the human body. Even though resistance is a natural phenomenon that occurs like natural selection in bacteria, it should not be causing as much of a problem with humans as it has been increasingly through the years (General Background: About Antibiotic…). Antibiotic resistance can be naturally acquired by bacteria through horizontal or vertical gene transfer as well as bacteria having the ability to adopt “free” bacteria from the environment it is in (General Background: About Antibiotic…). The reason antibiotic resistance has become such a…
Germs are everywhere. Fortunately, most pose no risks to people. And those that do cause disease usually can be killed with antibiotic drugs. Sometimes, however, harmful bacteria evolve ways to “laugh at” antibiotics — survive as if the poisons were not even there. This so-called drug resistance make infections hard, if not impossible, to treat.…
The health of people and animals are extremely important. ”Antibiotic Resistance refers to bacteria that evolve to the point they are not easily killed by antibiotics” (Dorman N.pag.). Antibiotics in livestock are a crucial part of the livestock industry, but with antibiotic resistance in humans occurring more and more often researchers believe that antibiotics in meat are the leading source of this issue. Although, antibiotics has the issue of resistance, there are more positive sides to the issue than some people think.…
Concerns of antibiotic resistance has increased because of the over exposure to antibiotics in both humans and…
Since the 1940,s, antimicrobial drugs, such as antibiotics, have been effectively used to cure patients with infectious diseases. Over time, however, many pathogens have evolved to resist the drugs that were designed to destroy them, making the products increasingly ineffective. This happens because the bacteria adapt to the environment due to natural selection. Then bacteria with the resistant genotype will reproduce and spread. Drug resistant pathogens are linked with the over prescription of antibiotics, as well as missing doses when taking antibiotics.[28]…
1.2.2 Mechanism of antibiotic resistance Bacteria may become resistant to various antimicrobial agents through several mechanisms. Major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria includes : (1) modification in target site so the antibiotic cannot recognise the target; (2) enzyme production that will inactivate or modify the drug before its effect; (3) expelling or extruding the antibiotic outside the cell by one or more efflux pumps so the drug is unable to reach the target site to exert its antibacterial action; and (4) alterations in the cell membrane permeability that inhibits the access of drug into the cell (Périchon & Courvalin, 2009; Verraes et al., 2013). Antimicrobial resistance could be intrinsic or acquired. Intrinsic resistance…