FLUCYTOSINE
Also known as 5-flurocyrosine or 5-FC. It’s an antifungal drug that is usually formulated with amphotericin for wide range of medical uses, it can be used by mouth for treatment of infections that could be caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or perhaps candida. It could also be used in the treatment of chromblastomycosis (chronic fungal infection of subcutaneous tissue or skin). Because of its weak antifungal action it can’t be used alone for treatment of serious, life threatening diseases as it needs to be used in combination with itraconazole or fluconazole.
Minor infections that isn’t life threatening can be treated with just flucytosine eg: candida cystitis. But in life threatening fungal infections usually a combination of flucytosine and amphotericin is used which is going to show more side effects. The drug is said to be teratogenic so it’s not recommended for pregnant women and should only be given if the potential harm or side effects to the fetus is lower than the potential benefit of the drug. There is no information as to if the drug is distributed in the breast milk or not but its recommended if the patient taking flucytosine not breastfeed. Its side effects include • Gastrointestinal side effects (like vomiting, abdominal pain, duodenal ulcer, anorexia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, emesis or ulcerative colitis.) • Hepatic side effects (like hepatic dysfunction, increased hepatic enzymes, acute hepatic injury, bilirubin elevation or hepatic necrosis) • Hematologic side effects ( like agranulocytosis, leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia) • Hypersensitivity side effects (photosensitivity • Cardiovascular side effects ( myocardial toxicity, cardiac arrest or ventricular dysfunction) • Respiratory side effects ( chest pain, respiratory arrest and dyspnea) • Dermatologic side effects ( rash, urticarial or Lyell’s syndrome ) • Renal side effects ( creatinine, renal failure and azotemia) • Genitourinary side effects ( crystalluria) • Nervous system side effects (hearing loss, parkinsonism, headache, pyrexia) • Psychiatric side effects (Hallucination, confusion, psychosis) • Metabolic side effects (hypoglycemia) Mechanism of …show more content…
It has two mechanism of action:
1. It is intrafungally turned into cytostatic fluorouracil that would also be activated later on and is going to interact with 5-fluorouridinetriphosphate with the biosynthesis RNA hence it is going to disturb the essential protein
2. Flucytosine can also be converted into 5-fluorodeoxyuridinemonophosphate that inhibits the DNA synthesis of the fungi
Pharmacokinetic action:
The drug is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract from 75% to 100%. Which means it should not be taken with food as it decreases the absorption of the drug.
Resistance to flucytosine is commonly …show more content…
They are said to be penicillin antifungals as they somehow have a similar mechanism of action against bacteria. Beta glycans are polymers of carbohydrates that can be cross linked with other cell walls of the fungi. Micafungin, anidulafungin and caspofungin are some examples of semisynthetic echinocandins.
They are medically used as fungicides for some yeasts, they are used against most Candida’s but not Rhondotorula, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon. They are also used for molds like Aspergillus and sometimes against spores of the fungi’s like Pneumocystis carinii. Micafungin can be used as a preventing agent for candida infections in hematopoietic stem cell of the transplantation patients and it is usually known to be injected IVly.
The drug is said to be teratogenic as per the embroytoxic researches so it’s not recommended for pregnant women and should only be given if the potential harm or side effects to the fetus is lower than the potential benefit of the drug. The dose also needs to be adjusted for patients in liver diseases or kidney
Also known as 5-flurocyrosine or 5-FC. It’s an antifungal drug that is usually formulated with amphotericin for wide range of medical uses, it can be used by mouth for treatment of infections that could be caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or perhaps candida. It could also be used in the treatment of chromblastomycosis (chronic fungal infection of subcutaneous tissue or skin). Because of its weak antifungal action it can’t be used alone for treatment of serious, life threatening diseases as it needs to be used in combination with itraconazole or fluconazole.
Minor infections that isn’t life threatening can be treated with just flucytosine eg: candida cystitis. But in life threatening fungal infections usually a combination of flucytosine and amphotericin is used which is going to show more side effects. The drug is said to be teratogenic so it’s not recommended for pregnant women and should only be given if the potential harm or side effects to the fetus is lower than the potential benefit of the drug. There is no information as to if the drug is distributed in the breast milk or not but its recommended if the patient taking flucytosine not breastfeed. Its side effects include • Gastrointestinal side effects (like vomiting, abdominal pain, duodenal ulcer, anorexia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, emesis or ulcerative colitis.) • Hepatic side effects (like hepatic dysfunction, increased hepatic enzymes, acute hepatic injury, bilirubin elevation or hepatic necrosis) • Hematologic side effects ( like agranulocytosis, leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia) • Hypersensitivity side effects (photosensitivity • Cardiovascular side effects ( myocardial toxicity, cardiac arrest or ventricular dysfunction) • Respiratory side effects ( chest pain, respiratory arrest and dyspnea) • Dermatologic side effects ( rash, urticarial or Lyell’s syndrome ) • Renal side effects ( creatinine, renal failure and azotemia) • Genitourinary side effects ( crystalluria) • Nervous system side effects (hearing loss, parkinsonism, headache, pyrexia) • Psychiatric side effects (Hallucination, confusion, psychosis) • Metabolic side effects (hypoglycemia) Mechanism of …show more content…
It has two mechanism of action:
1. It is intrafungally turned into cytostatic fluorouracil that would also be activated later on and is going to interact with 5-fluorouridinetriphosphate with the biosynthesis RNA hence it is going to disturb the essential protein
2. Flucytosine can also be converted into 5-fluorodeoxyuridinemonophosphate that inhibits the DNA synthesis of the fungi
Pharmacokinetic action:
The drug is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract from 75% to 100%. Which means it should not be taken with food as it decreases the absorption of the drug.
Resistance to flucytosine is commonly …show more content…
They are said to be penicillin antifungals as they somehow have a similar mechanism of action against bacteria. Beta glycans are polymers of carbohydrates that can be cross linked with other cell walls of the fungi. Micafungin, anidulafungin and caspofungin are some examples of semisynthetic echinocandins.
They are medically used as fungicides for some yeasts, they are used against most Candida’s but not Rhondotorula, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon. They are also used for molds like Aspergillus and sometimes against spores of the fungi’s like Pneumocystis carinii. Micafungin can be used as a preventing agent for candida infections in hematopoietic stem cell of the transplantation patients and it is usually known to be injected IVly.
The drug is said to be teratogenic as per the embroytoxic researches so it’s not recommended for pregnant women and should only be given if the potential harm or side effects to the fetus is lower than the potential benefit of the drug. The dose also needs to be adjusted for patients in liver diseases or kidney