World History Unit 1 Earliest Humans

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EVIDENCE

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ANYTHING THAT PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT AN EVENT

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INFER

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TO GUESS BASED UPON EVIDENCE

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PRIMARY SOURCE

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EVIDENCE PRODUCED DURING TIME PERIOD STUDIED

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DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

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PRIMARY SOURCE WHOSE EVIDENCE IS WRITTEN

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ARTIFACT

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PRIMARY EVIDENCE, OBJECT ITSELF PROVIDES INFORMATION

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CULTURAL EVIDENCE

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PRIMARY SOURCE WHOSE EVIDENCE IS INDIRECT, THROUGH CULTURAL EXPRESSION

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SECONDARY SOURCE

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EVIDENCE WRITTEN ABOUT BUT NOT DURING EVENT BEING STUDIED

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CREATIONISM

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BELIEF THAT HUMANS WERE CREATED, IN THEIR PRESENT STATE, DIRECTLY BY GOD, AS DESCRIBED IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

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EVOLUTION

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SCIENTIFIC THEORY THAT HUMANS EVOLVED INTO THEIR PRESENT STATE BY PROCESS OF NATURAL SELECTION

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DARWINISM

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ANOTHER NAME FOR THEORY OF EVOLUTION

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BI-PEDALISM

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STANDING UPRIGHT ON TWO LEGS

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ABSTRACT REASONING

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ABILITY TO IMAGINE AN OBJECT NOT IN ITS LITERAL OR CONCRETE FORM

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HOMINID

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EARLIEST HUMANLIKE CREATURE

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HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS

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ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS

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PALEOLITHIC AGE

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OLD STONE AGE

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NEOLITHIC

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NEW STONE AGE

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ECONOMIC

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HAVING TO DO WITH MEANS OF SURVIVAL, LIVELIHOOD, USUALLY INCLUDES MONEY, TRADE, INDUSTRY, ETC

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SOCIAL

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HAVING TO DO WITH PEOPLE, USUALLY INCLUDES TRIBES, RACES, GENDERS, FAMILIES, ETC

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POLITICAL

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HAVING TO DO WITH GOVERNMENT, LAWS, RULERS

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TECHNOLOGICAL

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PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE USED TO MASTER ENVIRONMENT

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CULTURAL

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ACTIVITIES NOT NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL, USUALLY UNIQUE TO A PEOPLE OR CIVILIZATION, USUALLY INCLUDES ART, MUSIC, RELIGION, LITERATURE, WRITING, ETC

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NOMAD

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PEOPLE WHO MOVE CONSTANTLY TO FOLLOW FOOD SUPPLY

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PATRIARCHAL

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SOCIETY BASED ON MALE RULE

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MATRIARCHAL

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SOCIETY BASED ON FEMALE RULE

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MICROLITH

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SMALLEST STONE TOOLS

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ARCHAEOLOGIST

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ONE WHO STUDIES HUMAN CULTURES BY EXAMINING HUMAN ARTIFACTS AND/OR HUMAN REMAINS

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REVOLUTION

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CHANGE IN THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF SOMETHING

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

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PERIOD WHEN HUMANS TURNED FROM HUNTING AND GATHERING TO FARMING

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NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

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PERIOD WHEN FIRST AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL DOMESTICATION BEGAN AND LED TO SETTLED COMMUNITIES

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ANIMAL DOMESTICATION

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HERDING ANIMALS AS FOOD SUPPLY AND/OR LABOR SOURCES

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SURPLUS

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PRODUCING MORE THAN COMMUNITY NEEDS TO CONSUME

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NEOLITHIC FARMING VILLAGES

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FIRST LARGE TOWNS DEVOTED TO FARMING

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JERICHO

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EARLY NEOLITHIC FARMING VILLAGE, IN PALESTINE

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CATAL HUYUK

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EARLY NEOLITHIC FARMING VILLAGE, IN ASIA MINOR

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ARTISAN

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CRAFTSMAN WHO MAKES WEAPONS, UTENSILS, JEWELRY ETC.

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SUMER

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FIRST CIVILIZATION

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EGYPT

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EARLY CIVILIZATION ON NILE RIVER

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NILE RIVER

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SITE OF EARLY EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

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TIGRIS & EUPHRATES

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FLOODING RIVERS THAT WERE SITE OF 1ST CIVILIZATION

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INDUS RIVER

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FLOODING RIVER THAT WAS SITE OF EARLY CIVILIZATION IN INDIA

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YELLOW RIVER

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FLOODING RIVER THAT WAS SITE OF EARLY CIVILIZATION IN CHINA

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MESOPOTAMIA

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LAND BETWEEN THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES RIVER, SITE OF SUMER, BABYLON, ASSYRIA

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FERTILE CRESCENT

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INTENSELY FERTILE CRESCENT-SHAPED REGION FROM NILE TO TIGRIS-EUPHRATES

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CITY-STATE

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EARLY WALLED CITY

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ZIGGURAT

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MESOPOTAMIAN TEMPLE

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EMPIRE

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WHEN A SINGLE NATION/CULTURE CONTROLS OR DOMINATES OTHER NATIONS/CULTURES

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SARGON

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AKKADIAN FOUNDER OF FIRST EMPIRE

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AKKADIANS

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FIRST EMPIRE

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BABYLONIANS

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LOWER MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION

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HAMMURABI

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BABYLONIAN KING WHO PRODUCED THE FIRST FORMAL SET OF LAWS

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HAMMURABI'S CODE

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1ST FORMAL SET OF LAWS

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POLYTHEISM

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BELIEF IN SEVERAL GODS

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CUNEIFORM

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1ST WRITING, DEVELOPED BY SUMERIANS, LITERALLY 'WEDGE-SHAPED' PICTOGRAMS IN CLAY

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EPIC OF GILGAMESH

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BABYLONIAN EPIC POEM

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INDO-EUROPEANS

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NOMADIC PEOPLES WHO FORMED THE BASIS OF MANY MODERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS

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HITTITES

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FERTILE CRESCENT CIVILIZATION BASED IN ANATOLIA, 1ST TO USE IRON

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PHOENICIANS

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FERTILE CRESCENT CIVILIZATION BASED ON EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN, GREAT SEA TRADERS, 1ST TO PRODUCE ALPHABET

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ASSYRIANS

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BRUTAL FERTILE CRESCENT CIVILIZATION BASED IN UPPER MESOPOTAMIA; 1ST TO USE CHARIOTS & LIBRARIES

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PERSIANS

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FERTILE CRESCENT CIVILIZATION BASED EAST OF MESOPOTAMIA WHOSE RULERS DEVELOPED A WELL-ORGANIZED EMPIRE

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CYRUS

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PERSIAN RULER

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PICTOGRAM

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'WRITING' IN WHICH A PICTURE DIRECTLY REPRESENTS THE THING IT WANTS TO PORTRAY

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IDEOGRAM

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'WRITING' IN WHICH A PICTURE DIRECTLY REPRESENTS AN IDEA

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ALPHABET

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WRITING IN WHICH A SYMBOL REPRESENTS A SOUND

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HEBREWS

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NOMADIC PEOPLES OF FERTILE CRESCENT WHO WERE THE EARLIEST KNOWN MONOTHEISTS

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CANAAN

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BIBLICAL NAME FOR PALESTINE, EVENTUAL HOME OF THE HEBREWS

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PALESTINE

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EVENTUAL HOME OF THE HEBREWS CIVILIZATION

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ANATOLIA

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REGION OF TURKEY, SITE OF HITTITES AND CATAL HUYUK

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NAZIS OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT

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HISTORIANS' NICKNAME FOR ASSYRIANS

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DARIUS

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PERSIAN RULER

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SCRIBE

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ANCIENT ARTISAN WHO SPECIALTY WAS WRITING

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PUBLIC WORKS

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GOVERNMENT-COORDINATED PROJECTS SUCH AS FOOD STORAGE, DEFENSIVE WALLS, IRRIGATION CANALS

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ANIMISM

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VERY EARLY RELIGIOUS BELIEF THAT SPIRITS INHABIT OBJECTS IN NATURE

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POLYTHEISM

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BELIEF IN SEVERAL GODS, USUALLY NATURE GODS OF SOME KIND

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MONOTHEISM

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BELIEF IN A SINGLE GOD

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PERSONIFICATION

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STAGE IN HUMAN RELIGIOUS HISTORY WHEN HUMANS ENDOW GODS WITH NAMES & CHARACTERISTICS

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BYBLOS

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PHOENICIAN CITY WHOSE NAMEBECAME THE ROOT OF THE WORD 'BOOK'

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SYLLABOGRAM

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EARLY FORM OF WRITING IN WHICH A PICTURE REPRESENTS A SOUND OR SYLLABLE