Tumulus

The interaction with the monstrous and the supernatural within Anglo-Saxon literature is certainly well documented, perhaps most famously in the Anglo-Saxon epic, Beowulf. Though the three creatures Beowulf faces are creations of the imagination, they are presented by the poet in very different ways. The man-eating beast known as Grendel is more of a monstrously misshapen reflection of bi-pedal humans that is spawned from ancient evil, whereas the dragon is a bit more conventional. This conventionality may at first make the dragon episode appear slightly less imaginative as the sections with Grendel, but what at first may seem conventional may actually be a very precise decision on the part of the poet. The dragon of Beowulf’s final battle is quite possibly meant to serve as a more culturally “realistic” adversary. By choosing a creature that many of the poet’s readers believed were real animals, the Beowulf poet created a more tangible consequence to the looting of pagan burial mounds, a practice that was equally relevant to the Beowulf poet’s audience. The use of the dragon in Beowulf as a realistic threat makes the creature function as a symbol of human greed and possibly as a practical repercussion to the practice of looting that was not uncommon in the poet’s time. The “reality” of dragons as it pertains to the Beowulf poet’s audience is undoubtedly arguable, but their appearance in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle supports the assertion that at least some of the poet’s…

Similar in form and style to 737, 74.51.514 of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), a wheelmade stemmed bowl with various imagery, can provide more information about the identification of the artifact. By being similar shaped to 737, the Met artifact, marked as a kylix, continues to provide evidence about 737’s pottery type. Along with its shape, 74.51.514’s similar color-scheme, red and black, further shows a connection between the two objects (Terracotta Kylix (cup)). Thus, the artifact’s…

slightly higher number of the iron swords in the area of the northeastern Alpine territory. One of the most significant finds comes from the tumulus I in Gemeinlebarn (Tab. 2:1a, 1b). This burial mound excels within the given area nearly with all its characteristics. It represents a skeletal grave in a chamber constructed from oak planks, which has according to its burial rite, modification of the grave pit and last but not least according to the character of its inventory clear parallels in…

time additional graves would be added to the mound (Galaty, 2002:120; Hammond, 1992:33; Stallo, 2007:10; Wilkes, 1992:127). These additions were sometimes the result of creating shafts into the tumulus, in order for additional body to be placed inside and then filled back in (Stallo, 2007:10). Unfortunately, this way of inserting other members in the tumulus makes dating the occupants stratigraphically impossible. Therefore, our understanding of when internment took place is usually done…

materials from Apollonia were recovered during 2002 through 2006 excavations (Amore, 2010; McIlvaine, 2012; McIlvaine et al., 2013). The burial mounds are located near the former city and are known as Tumulus 9 (T9), 10 (T10), and 11 (T11). Other skeletal remains were found in areas close to these mounds. The burial mounds held 227 skeletons, which contained 62 individuals who predate Greek colonization, 135 from the colonial period and 29 from Medieval/Modern times. For this study, I will…

When an individual tends to think of pyramids, their mind usually wanders off the the great pyramids of Giza, or just the Egyptians in general. What many are not aware of though, is that in there are pyramids of various shapes and sizes in many different parts are the world, with some of them being found in unexpected locations. In 2008, a set of three “pyramids” were found in Visoko, Bosnia. Bosnia is located in Eastern Europe near Croatia and Serbia, and the discovery of these pyramids was…

2012; McIlvaine et al., 2013). The burials were placed in mounds known as Tumulus 9 (T9), 10 (T10), and 11 (T11) located near the former city. Archaeological evidence from T10 shows prehistoric burial items of both the Bronze and Iron Age (Stallo, 2007:12). Tumulus 9 and 11 date from the sixth to the fourth century BCE (Stallo, 2007:12). These burial mounds held 227 skeletons, including 62 individuals that predate Greek colonization; 135 from the colonial period; and 29 from Medieval/Modern…

For a long time, little was known about this mysterious civilization that lived many years ago. With what we found in the tombs of the Etruscans tells us a lot of how they lived and what they believed in. The Etruscans had an obsession with the burial of their dead. This tells us a lot of how they thought and how they perceived death. Historians learned a lot about this ancient civilization from inscriptions and what they discovered in many of the Etruscan tombs. There are many known…

stand in awe of the “Decree of Heaven.” In other words, the values of western society and ancient Confucian society are completely reversed. The ideal Renaissance person was always in search of knowledge even if it meant disturbing the status quo and “rocking the boat.” However, Confucius seems to limit the search of knowledge to the realms within reach. This isn’t necessarily “bad” at all. Too much questioning leads to rebellion and disdain as shown by the Protestant-Catholic conflict.…

The Black Panthers: Vanguard Of the Revolution was such a revolutionary film because it dwells on the Black Panther Party and the film shows how revolutionary the movement was. The film is a recap of the titular organization of the short tumulus history of the Black Panthers. The film Vanguard is very straight forward to the point the legacy of the great panthers. Black Panthers were one of the most demonized organization in the US history of the white supremacist and corporate media. The film…