Philip I of France

has authored over 100 books, mainly in 18th century British politics and international relations. Black claims Napoleon was more than a conqueror, that his deeds go beyond military exploits. Black states that Napoleon was a statesman that brought France out of the chaos of the revolution, and brought forth French dominance in continental Europe. He illustrates that Napoleon shaped Europe significantly in the beginning of the Europe’s dominance over the world. This text is in favour of Napoleon’s…

emphasize the issues that could result from having a torture of system since it could come with many implications. After reading this article, I believe that the author had provided enough evidence on whether or not torture would be beneficial or if it would lead to a slippery slope tragedy that would go against what they were trying to accomplish. In essence, I believe that having a torture system would only have a negative outcome and Liberal democracies should refrain from using such systems…

While Jews certainly did prosper in medieval western Christendom - in Spain, England, France and the Holy Roman Empire - it is arguable whether this occurred during times of true Christian persecution, for this phrase implies a coherent, general and importantly, state-backed, form of oppression, which did not exist until late in the period. Indeed, even though anti-semitism did exist, the two distinct phases of Jewish prosperity during the Middle Ages were marked rather with tolerance and…

resigned as Guardian of Scotland, leaving Robert de Bruce in charge of Scotland. After this not much was known or said of Wallace until 1303 when he returned to Scotland from France. A lot changed while he was away reportedly “...to seek support for the Scottish cause” as stated on bbc.co.uk. In 1304 Robert de Bruce and King Edward I made a truce of course excluding Wallace in any involvement. With Wallace back in Scotland, King Edward saw this as an advantage, he set our a generous money…

into other ruling families. Often arranged, these marriages were a form of diplomacy, which signified increased relations between the two nations. Elizabeth I witnessed such a marriage occur when her half sister Mary I married the Spanish Prince Philip of Spain. Despite her royal birth and bloodline to England, as soon as she married Prince Philip all decisions were made by him and in the interests of Spain (Thomas 98). Seeing the consequences of such…

Robert Fulton was an American engineer and inventor in the 1800s. He is best known for successfully creating the commercial steamboat, “The North River Steamboat of Clermont.” What some do not know, is that he was also a painter, a canal engineer, a philosopher. Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, his participation in developing new machines for naval warfare was more significant than his involvement with “The North River Steamboat of Clermont.” In fact, some may say that he was…

large armies to settle their territorial and dynastic claims. For example, Charles the Bold of Burgundy was able to sponsor 15,000 men in 1470 in comparison to his descendant, Philip II, in 1640 who financially sponsored 86,000 soldiers. Even more dramatically, Francis I of France had 32,000 men in 1525 while Louis XIII of France had 144,000 men in 1635. While size created administrative problems, gunpowder weapons did damage similarly if not greater than the expensive aristocratic men of…

supported the Dauphin. The Dauphin was a name given to the man that holds the highest power in all of France. At this time the Dauphin was Charles VII, the uncrowned king. She was only twelve years old when she started hearing voices, that came from the Saints Michael, Margaret, and…

‘Crusade’ is a non-medieval Franco-Spanish hybrid that has been considered synonymous to the pursuit of a good cause. The Crusades were a series of on and off religious wars fought between the years from 1096 to 1487 under the authority of various Popes. The Crusades were basically fought for the recovery of the Holy Land. They were ordered by Pope Urban II in 1095, and within months the first Europeans had arrived in the Middle East to rid the Holy Land of Muslims. One story particularly…

Between 1553-1558, Mary I experienced limited pretender threats, the only one arising from her decision to marry the Spanish prince, Philip II. The prospect of a marriage alliance with Spain was unpopular with the English people who believed England would be involved in wars without the support of the nation. His strong Catholic faith combined with that of Mary’s also stirred up resentment and fear among the Protestant population in England and as a result, a Protestant courtier, Thomas Wyatt,…