Allele frequency

The world of paleoanthropology is constantly changing as people make new discoveries at digging sites or in an office examining fossils. Things are constantly shifting in that world and changing modern day human’s understanding of the past and their evolution. When looking at fossils, they try to see how much variation is needed to name it a new species or not. There are different fossils that are currently being argued about, where it is questioned if the fossil should be classified as a…

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is identified as the leading monogenic cause of autism and congenital mental retardation. It is estimated that the frequency of FXS is 1/7000 males and 1/11,000 women (Hunter et al., 2014). In Australia, since one child is born with Fragile X every week, around 1 in 3600 boys and in 4000 – 6000 girls suffers this syndrome with the higher severity in boys. Position of the causative gene for FXS named fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (FMR1) was found at the diagnostic…

response rate of 37% in 159 patients having R/R-AML with complete remission of 27%. The action of enasidenib was identified as differentiation agent rather than cytotoxic thus producing mature fully functional neutrophils with conserved mutant IDH2 allele frequency in bone marrow blast of patients with mutant IDH2-AML along with negligible…

What is UGT1A4? The majority of drugs are metabolized to form compounds that are more polar in structure than their parental precursors. The ultimate goal is to 1) increase the hydrophilicity of the presented compounds along with their molecular weight, 2) inactivate their biological effects and 3) facilitate their efflux from the cells, subsequently followed by excretion into bile or urine1. The metabolic enzymes in charge of this process are traditionally organized into two separate…

There is a consistent debate on whether humans came to the New World through the coastal route or the continental route. For both sides there is an abundant amount of compelling evidence for one to come up with their own conclusion. There are a variety of arguments for where the migration came from like: Asia, Europe, or Beringia. The Asia argument asserts the first migrants came from Siberia, the Solutrean hypothesis argues that people came from Europe (Oppenheimer et al,. 2014). In Beringia…

The Tasmanian devil is an apex predator and the largest marsupial carnivore. Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is a highly aggressive, transmissible cancer that is decimating the Tasmanian devil population and threatening the species with extinction in as little as thirty years (Brüniche-Olsen et al., 2016). The disease first showed up in 1996 and a second transmissible cancer in devils was discovered in 2014. This disease has since declined the population 95% in some areas while spreading to…

One of the most heavily debated topics of all time is evolution. However, if evolution were not at work then there would be a loss as to one of the ways that we understand how we all came to be. “Evolution is the change in allele frequencies of a population, which over time produces a population with new or modified characteristics. (Evolution: The Big Picture)” Evolution can be achieved through four different methods: mutation, genetic drift, migration, and natural selection. Out of the four…

“Never judge a book by it’s cover”, this is a common and universally known adage. Furthermore, it simply means, individuals should not prejudge and draw conclusions based on superficial characteristics. However, in most of society, stereotyping and prejudging are the methods we utilize in determining a person's identity. For example, developing preconceptions about an individual from the way they speak, appear, act, or any other physical trait is indeed stereotyping. Additionally, the reason…

conditions that exist and is prevalent in about 7 people per 100,000 (Lundy-Ekman, 2013, p. 245). It is more commonly seen areas of a predominantly white population, such as Europe, North America, as well as Australia, due to a higher frequency of certain alleles that are repeated in these populations (Walker, 2007, p. 221). This disease is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder, which is a term that is used to describe CNS disorders/diseases that are progressive (Damjanov, 2012, p. 465).…

Homo Neanderthalensis: Understanding Its Species and Importance in Human Evolution Homo neanderthalensis, more commonly known as Neandertals, are the closest extinct relative of the genus species Homo sapiens. Homo neanderthalensis lived approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago, populating regions of Europe and southwestern Asia. In 1856, near Dusseldorf, Germany, the very first Homo neanderthalensis remains were found in a cave in the Neander Valley, pronounced Neander Tal in old German),…