Allele frequency

medication as prescriptions become more widespread, making the drugs less effective. This selective pressure encourages the bacteria to develop a resistance to the old medication, and may even develop into a ‘super bug’. Microevolution is the frequency of allele changes within a small species group with traits that help the organism to survive. It can be applied to this development in the form of evolutionary…

several adaptations and variation genetically that fit their living conditions. In fact, scientific method emphasizes that a single answer cannot depict the whole picture of the biological evolution. The reproductive barriers and the spread of allele frequencies are based on the complex social adaptation. Over time, phenotypic traits and genetic variation seem to be heavily derived from the ancestors. Moreover, natural selection is a key microevolutionary force that is involved in every…

hypothesis follows that of Mendel’s Law of Independent assortment. This law states that if the two genes are not linked they should segregate independently at metaphase I of meiosis. So if the gray spore and the tan spore are considered unlinked then the frequency of the PD (parental ditype) and NPD (non-parental ditype) asci along with the segregation independently, should be equal. The second hypothesis is for linked genes and this is that both of the spore coloration are seen on the same pair…

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant environment in an organism in response to internal and external stimuli. Organisms must maintain homeostasis to stay alive because stimuli can cause mild to severe effects. Cells require nutrients like oxygen, and a constant temperature. One disruption to homeostasis to homeostasis would be a lack of nutrients like oxygen by increasing the rate of respiration to increase oxygen to the body. Another disruption to homeostasis would be a change in…

Effects of Narcolepsy Over 200,000 Americans suffer from a severe sleep disorder known as Narcolepsy. (rightdiagnosis.com) Narcolepsy is a permanent disease in which one has lost the ability to regulate sleep cycles. By definition, the disease may seem minor and easy to cure. However, there is no cure for Narcolepsy, and many patients report dreadful and even frightening symptoms such as sleep paralysis Patients of Narcolepsy have low levels of Orexin-A, a neurotransmitter in the brain, which…

Biological evolution is the process through which the characteristics of organisms change over many generations, they change by natural selection and genetic variation. The result of biological evolution may be outstanding or minimal; it can cause countless numbers of new species. Every single animal on the Earth has gone through this process including humans. Darwinism is a theory created by Charles Darwin about the theory of biological evolution. It stated that “all species of organisms arise…

Both mechanisms can lead to pancreatic beta cell damage. So, it is hypothesized that GST polymorphisms may have a role in the pathogenesis of T1D. In our study, the associated risk of GST to T1D was investigated. Patients with T1D had a higher frequency of GST T1 null genotype than controls. This represented a significantly increased risk of T1D (4.2fold ).The combination of GST T1 null/ M1 wild genotype was significantly more frequent in diabetic patients than controls . This represented a…

There are several genetic variants in the DNA sequence of the ABO gene that give rise to ABO subgroups. The most important of these are the A1 and A2 subgroups, which differ in the activity of their transferase enzyme gene products. The transferase activity in A2 individuals is less efficient in catalyzing the formation of the A antigen from the H antigen compared with those in the A1 subgroup, resulting in lower expression of A antigen. Type A2 individuals have relatively fewer Type I, Type III…

about the fru gene has allowed the author’s of this article to hypothesize that specific splicing of the fru P1 transcripts elicits male courtship behavior and sexual orientation. The article continues on to perform experiments (using mutant fru alleles) to determine if their hypothesis was correct. The results of the various experiments found that the researchers hypothesized correctly and that male courtship behavior requires specific ‘male mode’ splicing in the transcripts initiated from the…

Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over Life Sciences/P1 3 NSC DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.7 D. 1.1.1 The process in which male gametes are formed in humans is called … A B C D 1.1.2 When the first…