Water Regulation And The Kidneys

Front 1

What causes a build up of waste products in the blood?

Back 1

Cell metabolism

Front 2

Excretion

Back 2

Getting rid of waste products from the body.Waste products are produced by metabolism and removed by organs.

Front 3

ADH

Back 3

This decreases the amount of urine produced.The hypothalamus dictates how much is released and the pituitary gland produces it.

Front 4

Too much water in the system

Back 4

The hypothalamus detects too much water and so the pituitary gland produces less ADH. The kidneys reduce blood water level so more water reaches the bladder.Blood water level returns to normal.

Front 5

Not enough water in the system

Back 5

The hypothalamus detects low blood water levels and the pituitary gland produces more ADH. Kidneys maintain blood water levels so lest water is sent to the bladder. Blood water levels return to normal.

Front 6

Negative feedback

Back 6

A change in the environment triggers a response to counteract that change.

Front 7

How is ADH negative feedback

Back 7

The ADH is produced when the blood water level changes to return it to normal.

Front 8

Roles of the kidneys

Back 8

1)Remove urea from the blood

2)Adjust blood ion levels

3)Adjust blood waterlevels

Front 9

Urea

Back 9

Waste produced in the liver from the break down of excess amino acids. It's toxic.

Front 10

Ultrafiltration

Back 10

Blood enters the glomerulus at high pressure which forces water,urea,ions and glucose through the capillary walls and into the Bowmans capsule.

Protein and blood cells can be forced out as they're too big.

Front 11

Reabsorption

Back 11

All glucose is selectively reabsorbed back into the blood against the concentration gradient.

The amount of water reabsorbed depends on ADH levels.

If there is more ADH, the tubes become more leaky so more water can be put back into the blood and vice versa.

Front 12

Waste excretion

Back 12

Urea and excess water aren't reabsorbed so they continue out of the nephron into the ureter and then to the bladder as urine.The urine is then released through the urethra.

Front 13

Liver

Back 13

Where excess amino acids are broken down to form urea and it is put into the blood.

Front 14

Renal artery

Back 14

Takes blood containing urea and other waste in solution to the kidneys.

Front 15

Kidney

Back 15

Filters blood and removes waste

Front 16

Renal vein

Back 16

Takes blood awy from the kidneys after waste has been removed

Front 17

Ureter

Back 17

Tube which transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Front 18

Bladder

Back 18

Collects urine

Front 19

Urethra

Back 19

Releases the urine

Front 20

Structure of the nephron

Back 20

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

Convoluted tubes

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Front 21

Glomurulus

Back 21

Blood enters at high pressure and is filtered

Front 22

Bowmans Capsule

Back 22

Collects the filtrate which includes water, glucose, salts and urea.

Front 23

Convuluted tubes

Back 23

Reabsorption of glucose occurs here.

Front 24

Loop of Henle

Back 24

Salts are filtered out here.

Front 25

Collecting duct

Back 25

Collects urine which is then passes through the ureter to the bladder.

Front 26

Positives of a dialysis machine

Back 26

It keeps the patient alive until a donor organ an be found.

Cleans blood and removes waste.

Flexible-you can do it at any time during the day.

Front 27

Negatives of a dialysis machine

Back 27

It's only temporary

Expensive

Blood must be connected for several hours a week.

A strict diet must be followed.

Front 28

Positives of a kidney transplant

Back 28

Saves a life

Permanent solution

Can live relatively normally afterwards

Don't have to spend hours cleaning blood daily.

Front 29

Negatives of a kidney transplant

Back 29

Donor shortage

Chance of rejection-need to use drugs to prevent this.

Surgery risk

Precise match needed