Vocabulary Chapter 2 Medical Terminology

Front 1

abdominal

Back 1

pertaining to the abdomen

Front 2

abdonminal cavity

Back 2

the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 3

abdominal region

Back 3

region of the body on the anterior side below the thoracic region and above the pelvic region

Front 4

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 4

a ventral cavity consisting of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs

Front 5

adipose

Back 5

a type of connective tissue. also called fat. it stores energy and provides protective padding for underlying structures

Front 6

anatomical position

Back 6

used to describe the positions and relationships of a structure in the human body. the body is standing erect with the arms at the side of the body, the palms of the hands facing forward, and the eyes looking strait ahead. the legs are parallel with the feet and toes pointing forward.

Front 7

anterior

Back 7

directional term meaning near or on the front or belly side of the body

Front 8

apex

Back 8

directional term meaning tip or summit.

Front 9

base

Back 9

directional term meaning bottom or lower part

Front 10

blood

Back 10

the major component of the hematic system. it consists of watery plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells

Front 11

body

Back 11

a whole, living individual; the sum of all the cells, tissues, organs, and systems working together to sustain life; the main protion of an organ such as the stomach or uterus

Front 12

bone

Back 12

a type of connective tissue and an organ of the musculoskeletal system. they provide support for the body and serve as sites of muscle attatchments.

Front 13

brachial

Back 13

pertaining to the arm

Front 14

brachial region

Back 14

the arm regions of the body

Front 15

brain

Back 15

one of the largest organs in the body and coordinates most body activities. it is the center for all thought, memory, judgement, and emotion. each part of it is respoinsible for controlling different body functions, such as temperature regulation and breathing.

Front 16

cardiac muscle

Back 16

the involuntary muscle found in the heart

Front 17

cardiology

Back 17

the branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the cardiovascular system

Front 18

cardiovascular system

Back 18

the system that transports blood to all areas of the body. organs include: heart and blood vessels

Front 19

cartilage

Back 19

strong, flexible connective tissue found in several locations in the body such as covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint, nasal septum, external ear, eustachian tube, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the intervertebral discs

Front 20

caudal

Back 20

directional term meaning toward the feet or tail, or below

Front 21

cell

Back 21

the basic unit of all living things. all tissues and organs in the body are composed of them. they perform survival functions such as reproduction, respiration, metabolism, and excretion. some are also able to carry on specialized functions such as contraction by muscle ones and electrical impulse transmission by nerve ones

Front 22

cell membrane

Back 22

the outermost boundary of the cell

Front 23

cephalic

Back 23

directional term meaning toward the head or above

Front 24

cephalic region

Back 24

the head region of the body

Front 25

cervical

Back 25

pertaining to the neck

Front 26

cervical region

Back 26

the neck region of the body

Front 27

connective tissue

Back 27

the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures. examples are fat or adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone

Front 28

coronal plane

Back 28

a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior or ventral) and back (posterior or dorsal) sections. also called the frontal plane

Front 29

coronal section

Back 29

sectional view of the body produced by a cut along the frontal plane; also called the frontal section

Front 30

cranial

Back 30

pertaining to the skull

Front 31

cranial cavity

Back 31

a dorsal body vavity. it is within the skull and contains the brain

Front 32

cross-section

Back 32

an internal view of the body produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of the structure

Front 33

crural

Back 33

pertaining to the leg

Front 34

crural region

Back 34

the lower extremity region of the body

Front 35

cytology

Back 35

the study of cells

Front 36

cytoplasm

Back 36

the watery internal environment of a cell

Front 37

deep

Back 37

directional term meaning away from the surface of the body

Front 38

dermatology

Back 38

the branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the integumentary system

Front 39

diaphragm

Back 39

the major muscle of inspiration. it seperates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

Front 40

digestive system

Back 40

system that digests food and absorbs nutrients. organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus

Front 41

distal

Back 41

directional term meaning located farthest from the point of attatchment to the body

Front 42

dorsal

Back 42

directional term meaning near or on the back or spinal cord side of the body

Front 43

dorsum

Back 43

refers to the posterior region of back of the body

Front 44

endocrine system

Back 44

the body system that consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream. the endocrine glands include the adreanal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pituitary gland, testes, ovaries, thymus gland, and thyroid gland

Front 45

endocrinology

Back 45

the branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the endocrine system

Front 46

epigastric

Back 46

pertaining to above the stomach. an anatomical division of the abdomen, the middle section of the upper row

Front 47

epithelial

Back 47

pertaining to the epithelium

Front 48

epithelial tissue

Back 48

tissue found throughout the body as the skin, the outer covering of organs, and the inner lining for tubular or hollow structures

Front 49

epithelium

Back 49

the epithelial tissue composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

Front 50

female reproductive system

Back 50

system responsible for producing eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby. organs include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands

Front 51

frontal plane

Back 51

a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior or ventral) and back (posterior or dorsal) sections.

Front 52

frontal section

Back 52

sectional view of the body produced by a cut along the frontal plane

Front 53

gastroenterology

Back 53

branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the gastrointestinal system

Front 54

gluteal

Back 54

pertaining to the buttocks

Front 55

gastrointestinal system

Back 55

system that digests food and absorbs nutrients. organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus

Front 56

gluteal region

Back 56

refers to the buttock region of the body

Front 57

gynecology

Back 57

branch of medicine specializing in conditions of the female reproductive system

Front 58

hematic system

Back 58

the system that consists of plasma and blood cells