Vocab For 20:4, 22:1, And 20:2 World History

Front 1

Thomas Malthus

Back 1

wrote books on population that shaped economic thinking for generations

Front 2

John Stuart Mill

Back 2

Benthams' chief follower who also argued that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they cause pain

Front 3

Utopians

Back 3

self sufficient communities in which all work is shared and all property is owned in common

Front 4

Karl Marx

Back 4

a german philosopher who condemned the ideas of the Utopians as an unrealistic idealism

Front 5

Utilitarianism

Back 5

the idea that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of its citizens

Front 6

Socialism

Back 6

system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Front 7

Means of Production

Back 7

the farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods

Front 8

Communism

Back 8

a form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as unavoidable

Front 9

Proletariat

Back 9

working class

Front 10

Bessemer Process

Back 10

a process developed by Henry Bessemer to purify iron ore and produce a new substance known as steel

Front 11

Alfred Noble

Back 11

a Swedish chemist who invented dynamite

Front 12

Michael Faraday

Back 12

an English chemist who created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo

Front 13

Thomas Edison

Back 13

an American inventor who created the first electric light bulb

Front 14

Henry Ford

Back 14

use the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S. a leader in the automobile industry

Front 15

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Back 15

designed and flew a flimsy airplane

Front 16

Guglielmo Marconi

Back 16

an Italian pioneer who invented the radio

Front 17

Alfred Krupp

Back 17

inherited a steel making business from his father

Front 18

Dynamo

Back 18

a machine that generates energy

Front 19

Interchangeable parts

Back 19

identical components that could be used in place of one another

Front 20

Assembly Line

Back 20

production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Front 21

Stock

Back 21

shares in companies

Front 22

Corporation

Back 22

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

Front 23

Cartel

Back 23

an association to fix prices

Front 24

Louis Pasteur

Back 24

a French chemist who clearly showed the links between microbes and disease

Front 25

Robert Koch

Back 25

A German doctor who identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis, a respiratory disease

Front 26

Florence Nightingale

Back 26

a British army nurse who insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals

Front 27

Joseph Lister

Back 27

An English surgeon who discovered how antiseptics prevent invection

Front 28

Germ Theory

Back 28

idea that certain microbes might cause specific infectious disease

Front 29

Urban Renewal

Back 29

rebuilding of the poor areas of a city

Front 30

Mutual Aid Society

Back 30

self help group set up to aid sick or injured workers