World History Vocab For Ch. 17 Sec. 3, 4 And 5

Front 1

James I

Back 1

the first Stuart monarch who had agreed to rule according to English laws and customs but later clashes with Parliemant over money and foreign policy

Front 2

Charles I

Back 2

the next Stuart monarch who imprisoned his foes without trial and squeezed the nation for money

Front 3

Petition of Rights

Back 3

this prohibited the king (Charles I) from raising taxes without the consent of the Parliament or from imprisoning anyone without case

Front 4

Cavalier

Back 4

supporters of Charles I. many were wealthy nobles who were trained in dueling and warfare

Front 5

Roundhead

Back 5

the forces of Parliament that were composed of Country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. they were called this because their hair was cut close around their heads

Front 6

Oliver Cromwell

Back 6

the Roundhead leader, a Puritan member of the lesser gentry, and a skilled general. he organized the "New Model Army" for Parliament into a disciplined fighting source

Front 7

Leveller

Back 7

a group that thought that poor men should have a say in government as a gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens

Front 8

English Bill of Rights

Back 8

bill that ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy

Front 9

dissenter

Back 9

Protestant whose views and opinions differed with those of the Church of England

Front 10

habeas corpus

Back 10

principal that a person cannot be heald in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

Front 11

limited monarchy

Back 11

government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's power

Front 12

Peace of Westphalia

Back 12

a series of treaties that ends the Thirty Years War

Front 13

Maria Theresa

Back 13

the daughter of Charles VI who was the first women to have ruled in the Hapsburg lands

Front 14

War of the Australian Succession

Back 14

war between Maria Theresa and Frederick II

Front 15

Frederick the Great

Back 15

when king, he made a brilliant use of his disciplined army, forcing all to accept Prussia as a great power

Front 16

Seven Years War

Back 16

a wat that lasted 7 years and was fought on 4 continents

Front 17

elector

Back 17

one of seven German princes who would choose the Holy Roman emperor

Front 18

mercenary

Back 18

soldier serving in a foreign army for pay

Front 19

depopulation

Back 19

a reduction in population

Front 20

Peter the Great

Back 20

created the largest standing army in Europe and set out to extend Russian borders to the west and south

Front 21

St. Petersburg

Back 21

the capital of the land Peter won from Sweden. it became the great symbol of Peter's desire to forge a modern Russia

Front 22

Vitus Bering

Back 22

a Danish navigator whom Peter hired to explore what became known as the Bering Strait

Front 23

Catherine the Great

Back 23

a German princess by birth who learned Russian, embraced the Russian Orthodox faith, and won the loyalty of the people

Front 24

westernization

Back 24

adoption of western ideas, tachnology, and culture

Front 25

boyar

Back 25

landowning noble in Russia under the Czars

Front 26

warm-water port

Back 26

port that is free of ice all year

Front 27

partition

Back 27

to divide