Vet Tech Ii Week 5 Patient Monitoring Equipment

Front 1

Tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls

Back 1

Blood pressure

Front 2

what is blood pressure controlled by?

Back 2

blood volume, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, cardiac output

Front 3

pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract and is highest toward the end of the stroke output of the left ventricle

Back 3

systolic pressure

Front 4

average pressure, value between two extremes

Back 4

mean pressure

Front 5

pressure that occurs when the ventricles relax and is lowest in ventricular dilation

Back 5

diastolic pressure

Front 6

When are common times that blood pressure is used and what does it monitor?

Back 6

during diagnostic procedures, compare trends on a patient, assess normal/abnormal values, monitor patient during anesthesia, monitors hypertension/hypotension

Front 7

Term for high blood pressure?

Back 7

hypertension

Front 8

Term for low blood pressure?

Back 8

hypotension

Front 9

Term for normal blood pressure

Back 9

Normotensive

Front 10

Term for drugs used to lower blood pressure

Back 10

antihypertensives

Front 11

Term for blood flow through the tissues, process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue

Back 11

perfusion

Front 12

What does CRT indicate?

Back 12

perfusion

Front 13

Normal bp values for small animals:

systolic

diastolic

mean

Back 13

100-160 mmHg

60-100 mmHg

80-120 mmHg

Front 14

Normal bp values for equine:

systolic

diastolic

mean

Back 14

100-120 mmHg

60-80 mmHg

60-80 mmHg

Front 15

4 causes of hypotension

Back 15

hypovolemia

shock

drug effect

depth of anesthesia

Front 16

4 causes of hypertension

Back 16

pain

hypercarbia

fever

drug effect

Front 17

what is hypovolemia

Back 17

low blood volume

Front 18

what is hypercarbia

Back 18

elevated CO2 levels

Front 19

Direct or Indirect bp?

oscillometric machine

doppler bp

direct palpation

mucous membrane color

CRT

Back 19

indirect

Front 20

Direct or indirect?

arterial catheterization with continuous monitoring

Back 20

direct

Front 21

What are 2 common indicators of hypotension?

Back 21

prolonged CRT

pale mucous membranes

Front 22

When taking indirect bp, a sphygmomanometer measures what?

Back 22

pressure exerted against walls of vessels

Front 23

If a bp cuff is too big, it will give a ____ reading; If a bp cuff is too small, it will give a ______ reading.

Back 23

lower;

high

Front 24

Pressure (force per unit area) exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessel, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs

Back 24

Blood pressure

Front 25

The pressure of the circulating blood __________ as it moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries, and _______ the heart through veins

Back 25

decreases;

toward

Front 26

Where would a doppler BP be placed when taking bp?

Back 26

taken at a peripheral artery:

metacarpus

tail

metatarsus

Front 27

What does a pulse oximeter measure?

Back 27

% of hemoglobin that is saturated with O2

Front 28

What type of tissue should a pulse oximeter be used on?

Back 28

well-perfused, thin, nonpigmented tissue

Front 29

Normal reading for SpO2

Back 29

95% to 100%

Front 30

At what % SpO2 does visible cyanosis occur?

Back 30

66%

Front 31

What does central venous pressure assess?

Back 31

how well blood is returning to heart and ability of heart to receive/pump blood

Front 32

what is central venous pressure commonly utilized for?

Back 32

to aid in fluid therapy

Front 33

Normal CVP values for canine:

standing?

anesthetized, recumbent?

Back 33

3-4 cm H2O

2-7 cm H2O

Front 34

Normal CVP values for Feline:

standing?

anesthetized, recumbent?

Back 34

3-4 cm H2O

15-25 cm H2O

Front 35

Normal CVP values for equine/bovine:

standing?

Back 35

3-4 cm H2O

Front 36

Term for method to determine the amount of CO2 in the air that is breathed in and out by the patient

Back 36

capnography

Front 37

Two methods of capnography?

Back 37

mainstream & slidestream

Front 38

monitor sensor placed between ET tube and anesthetic circuit

Back 38

mainstream capnography

Front 39

small tube attached to the junction of the ET tube and anesthetic circuit

Back 39

slidestream capnography

Front 40

How are measurements displayed when doing capnography

Back 40

on a graph

Front 41

Total CO2 Normal Values:

Canine?

Feline?

Bovine?

Equine?

Back 41

38-54 mmHg

38-54 mmHg

47-72 mmHg

54-72 mmHg

Front 42

Term for higher than normal CO2

Back 42

hypercapnia

Front 43

Term for lower than normal CO2

Back 43

hypocapnia

Front 44

Term for hemaglobin saturated with O2

Back 44

oxyhemoglobin

Front 45

2 Reasons for hypercapnia

Back 45

excessive CO2 breathed in by patient

hypoventilation

Front 46

6 Reasons for hypocapnia

Back 46

rapid resp rate

overzealous assisted ventilation

hypothermia

excessive dead air space

ET tube placed

capnometer disconnected from ET tube

Front 47

What is an ECG

Back 47

electrocardiograph

Front 48

What does an ECG record?

Back 48

electrical activity on the surface of the body that is generated by the heart

Front 49

Three main waves called deflection

Back 49

P wave

QRS wave

T wave

Front 50

Each contraction of the heart is preceded by an electrical wave front that stimulates the heart muscle to contract (_________) and then relax (________) in preparation for the next heartbeat

Back 50

systole;

diastole

Front 51

Term for the contraction of the myocardium

Back 51

depolarization

Front 52

Term for relaxation of cells after depolarization

Back 52

repolarization

Front 53

any pattern of electrical activity that differs from the healthy awake animal

Back 53

Cardiac arrhythmia

Front 54

5 common ECG patterns that signify an emergency

Back 54

tachycardia

bradycardia

heart block

premature ventricular contractions

fibrillation

Front 55

point of origin of the electrical activity, pacemaker of heart

Back 55

SA node

Front 56

cells are electrically linked, therefore the __________ spreads quickly from SA to _____ and caudally toward the AV node

Back 56

depolarization;

atria

Front 57

the AV node continues this activity to the proximal portion of the ventricular conduction system, known as the ____ __ _____.

Back 57

Bundle of His

Front 58

3 Lead ECG consists of RA (right front), LA (left front), LL (left hind). Colors:

RA?
LA?

LL?

Back 58

white

black

red

Front 59

What animal is the 3 lead ECG commonly used on?

Back 59

small animal practice

Front 60

4 lead ECG

colors:

L front leg?

R front leg?

L rear leg?

R rear leg?

Back 60

black

white

red

green

Front 61

how many leads does a cardiologist's machine have?

Back 61

6 leads

Front 62

electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat is not being transmitted efficiently throughout the heart

Back 62

heart block

Front 63

type of heart block:

prolonged interval b/t P wave and QRS complex

Back 63

1st degree heart block

Front 64

type of heart block:

some P waves are not followed by QRS complexes

Back 64

2nd degree heart block

Front 65

type of heart block:

atrial and ventricular contractions occur independently; P waves occur in one pattern and QRS complexes occur as completely different pattern

Back 65

3rd degree heart block

Front 66

term for ineffective and uncoordinated ventricular contraction that occurs as a bizarre, wide QRS complex on the ECG tracing

Back 66

Premature ventricular contractions (PVC's)

Front 67

Bradycardia rates:

canine? (large/small)

feline?

Back 67

HR<60bpm (large)

HR<70bpm (small)

feline: HR<100bpm

Front 68

Tachycardia rates:

Canine? (large/small)

Feline?

Back 68

HR>180bpm (small)

HR>160bpm (large)

feline: HR>200bpm

Front 69

Should bradycardia/tachycardia be reported to anyone?

Back 69

yes! report to DVM immediately

Front 70

contraction within small muscle bundles within the ventricles; causes irregular, inefficient ventricular contractions; indicates impending cardiac arrest

Back 70

fibrillation

Front 71

How is ventricular fibrillation recorded on graph?

Back 71

appears as irregular undulating line, complete absence of QRS complexes