Unit 2 Ap Human Geography Flashcards

Front 1

Carrying Capacity:

Back 1

The amount of people

an area can support.

Example: The carrying capacity of small islands is small, therefore it needs to import resources in order to apply its inhabitants.

Front 2

Demographic Equation:

Back 2

Births - (deaths + emigration). It’s used to predict the amount of people that will be born.

Example : 100 - (10-15)

Front 3

Demographic Momentum:

Back 3

When a population starts to grow, then grows exponentially (Snowball Effect)

Example: 500 People, 520 People, 540 People, etc.

Front 4

Demographic Transition Model:

Back 4

Consists of 5 stages: High Stationary, Early Expanding, Low Expanding, Low Stationary, and finally Declining?

Example: America is in stage four because there is a low death and birth rate.

Front 5

Dependency Ratio:

Back 5

Number of people who are dependent on others compared to those in their working years.

Example: Iraq’s dependency ratio is high because of the number of young people in it.

Front 6

Diffusion of fertility control:

Back 6

The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world.

Example: In the U.S it’s below 2.1 in much of Africa it is above 4, if South America is between 2 and 3, in Europe it is below 2.1, in China and Russia it is below 2.1, and in much of the Middle.

Front 7

Doubling Time:

Back 7

The nuber of years needed to double a population, assuming there is a constant rate of natural increase.

Example: Iraq only needs 15 years to double its population

Front 8

Ecumene:

Back 8

The portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Example: Almost everywhere except in some deserts and the ocean.

Front 9

Epidemiological Transition Model:

Back 9

A model that focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Example: The Black Death (a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s) was stage 1 of the epidemiological transition.

Front 10

Infant Mortality Rate:

Back 10

Yearly number of deaths of children under the age of one to total live births.

Example: The IMR is low in Canada because of their healthcare.

Front 11

J-Curve:

Back 11

A term used to describe the curve a stage 2 country makes. (demographically)

Example: Iraq has a J-Curve because it is in stage 2.

Front 12

Malthus,Thomas

Back 12

An english economist who was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of popoulation increase was far surpassing then the development of food supplies.

Example: People in LDC are running out of food.

Front 13

Mortality

Back 13

The frequency of death in a given population.

Front 14

Natality

Back 14

The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area, it is expressed as number of birth in year to every 1000 people alive in the society.

Front 15

Neo-Malthusian

Back 15

People who, for the most part, agree with Malthus's theory, but have solutions for the problem.

Example: Someone who studies overpopulation and comes up with a solution for it.

Front 16

Overpopulation

Back 16

When the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Example: Number of people = more than what available resources can support.

Front 17

Population Density

Back 17

The number of people who live in a defined land area (usually square miles or square kilometers)

Front 18

Population Explosion

Back 18

The rapid growth of the worlds human population during the past century, attended by even-shorter doubling times and rates of increase.

Front 19

Population Projection

Back 19

The estimated population in a certain time in the future.

Front 20

Population Pyramid

Back 20

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Front 21

Rate of natural increase

Back 21

Difference of CDR and CBR in a given country in a year.

Front 22

S-Curve

Back 22

The curve that defines how rate at which technology is advancing.

Front 23

Sex Ratio

Back 23

Number of males per every 100 females in a population.

Front 24

Sustainability

Back 24

How well a country can supply its residents with the proper needs.

Front 25

Underpopulation

Back 25

It is the opposition to overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region's population.

Front 26

Zero Population Growth

Back 26

Decline in TFR (Total Fertility Rate) to the point where the natural increase rate is 0.

Example: NIR (Natural Increase Rate) = 0. (Or close to 0)

Front 27

Chain Migration

Back 27

The social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city.

Front 28

Cyclic Movement

Back 28

Movement that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally.

Front 29

Forced Migration

Back 29

The coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region.

Front 30

Gravity Model

Back 30

The interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.

Front 31

Internal Migration

Back 31

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries.

Front 32

Intervening Opportunity

Back 32

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.

Front 33

Intercontinental (Migration Pattern)

Back 33

Permanent movement from one continent to another.

Front 34

Interregional (Migration Pattern)

Back 34

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Front 35

Rural-Urban (Migration Pattern)

Back 35

The movement of people (typically farmers) from rural settlements to urban centers in search of jobs.

Front 36

Periodic Movement

Back 36

A form of migration that involves intermittent but recurrent movement.

Front 37

Place Utility

Back 37

A measure of an individual's perceived satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes.

Front 38

Push-Pull Factors

Back 38

Push factors induce people to move out (negative).

Pull factors induce people to move in (positive).

Front 39

Raven stein, Ernst

Back 39

A theory highlighting the inverse relationship between the distance and volume of migration between a source and destination.

Front 40

Refugee

Back 40

People bein forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society.

Front 41

Step Migration

Back 41

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city.

Front 42

Transhumance

Back 42

The seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures.

Front 43

Transmigration

Back 43

Movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another.

Front 44

Voluntary

Back 44

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.