Ap Human Geography Unit 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

Agricultural Destiny

Back 1

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Front 2

Agricultural revolution

Back 2

The time when human being first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.

Front 3

Arithmetic destiny

Back 3

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Front 4

Census

Back 4

A complete enumeration of a population.

Front 5

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Back 5

The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society.

Front 6

Crude death rate (CDR)

Back 6

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society,

Front 7

Demographic transition

Back 7

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Front 8

Demography

Back 8

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Front 9

Dependency ratio

Back 9

The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Front 10

Doubling time

Back 10

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase,

Front 11

Ecumene

Back 11

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Front 12

Epidemiologic transition

Back 12

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Front 13

Epidemiology

Back 13

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.

Front 14

Industrial Revolution

Back 14

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Front 15

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Back 15

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Front 16

Life expectancy

Back 16

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

Front 17

Medical Revolution

Back 17

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Front 18

Overpopulation

Back 18

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Front 19

Pandemic

Back 19

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Front 20

Physiological density

Back 20

The number and people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Front 21

Population pyramid

Back 21

A bar graph representing the the distribution of population by age and sex.

Front 22

Sex ratio

Back 22

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Front 23

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Back 23

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Front 24

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Back 24

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

Front 25

Brain drain

Back 25

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Front 26

Chain migration

Back 26

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Front 27

Circulation

Back 27

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

Front 28

Counterurbanization

Back 28

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Front 29

Emigration

Back 29

Migration from a location

Front 30

Floodplain

Back 30

The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.

Front 31

Forced migration

Back 31

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

Front 32

Guest workers

Back 32

Workers who migrated to more developed countries or Northern or Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher paying jobs.

Front 33

Immigration

Back 33

Migration to a new location.

Front 34

Internal migration

Back 34

Permanent movement within a particular country.

Front 35

International migration

Back 35

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Front 36

Interregional migration

Back 36

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Front 37

Intervening obstacle

Back 37

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape the hinders migration.

Front 38

Intraregional migration

Back 38

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Front 39

Migration

Back 39

Form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location.

Front 40

Migration transition

Back 40

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results in industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

Front 41

Mobility

Back 41

All types of movement from one location to another.

Front 42

Net migration

Back 42

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

Front 43

Pull factor

Back 43

Factor that induces people to move to a new location.

Front 44

Push factor

Back 44

Factor that induces people to leave old residences.

Front 45

Quotas

Back 45

In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Front 46

Refugees

Back 46

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Front 47

Unauthorized immigrants

Back 47

People who enter a country without proper documents.

Front 48

Voluntary migration

Back 48

Permanent movement undertaken by choice,