Ubc Frst 210 Lab

Front 1

Four Phyla with Gymnosperms

Back 1

Gingkophyta, Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta

Front 2

Ginkgoaceae

Back 2

-in Gingkophyta
-Deciduous
-fan-shaped leaves with parallel venation, borne on both long and short shoots
-large solitary seeds with a fleshy, smelly, outer seed coat

Front 3

Araucariaceae

Back 3

in Coniferophyta
-native to the southern hemisphere
-large, scale-like leaves with alternate arrangement
-branches rather than needles abcise (cladaptosis)
-includes Norfolk Pine and Money Puzzle

Front 4

Cupressaceae

Back 4

in Coniferophyta
-trees usually have scale-like leaves (Juniperus, Calocedrus, Cupressus, Thuja, Sequoiadendron, Chamaecypris), but sometimes have needles (Seqouia, Taxodium, Metasequoia, Cunninghamia)
-can be monoecious or dioecious
-leaf arrangement can be alternate or opposite
-seed cones often globular or spherical, usually dehiscent but sometimes fleshy (Juniperus)
-bracts and scales fused
-indeterminate growth and laterally winged seeds are typical in this family (although can be wingless)

Front 5

Sciadopitaceae

Back 5

in Coniferophyta
-long grooved needles in fascicles of two
-fascicles arranged in whorls

Front 6

Taxaceae

Back 6

in Coniferophyta
-the yews (Taxus) are characterized by seeds born solitarily with a red, fleshy seed coat (aril) and by flattened needles

Front 7

Pinaceae

Back 7

in Coniferophyta
-in seed cones bract and scale are distinct from one another
-monoecious
-seeds are usually terminally winged but may be wingless
-leaves needle like and alternate
-can be evergreen or deciduous

Front 8

Abies

Back 8

in Pinaceae
-true firs
-needles have expanded leaf base (called a pulvinus), that look like a suction cup against the stem
-needle tips may be notched
-seed cones upright at maturity
-cone scales deciduous
-shape of bracts of seed cones useful for species ID
-vegetative buds are round or dome-shaped
-branching is often very irregular

Front 9

Cedrus

Back 9

in Pinaceae
-cedars, the real ones
-evergreen with needles arranged on both short and long shoots
-barrel shaped upright cones
-deciduous cone scales

Front 10

Larix

Back 10

in Pinaceae
-larches
-deciduous needles born on short shoots
-needles turn yellow prior to abscission in fall
-seed cones are small and upright, bracts sharply pointed and can be longer than scales
-cone scales are thin

Front 11

Picea

Back 11

in Pinaceae
-spruces
-needles have a woody peg at the base called a sterigma
-sterigma persist after leaf abscission
-seed cone scales are thin and cones open at maturity

Front 12

Pinus

Back 12

in Pinaceae
-pines
-needles born in fascicles (bundles of 2,3,5 depending on the species)
-Juvenile needles are solitary and scale- like
-seed cones take two years to mature, can be pendant or upright
-reproductive and vegetative buds together in compound buds
-cones may open at maturity or may remain closed
-seeds may be winged or wingless

Front 13

Psuedotsuga

Back 13

in Pinaceae
-douglas-firs
-seed cones are pendant, trident-shaped bracts longer than cone scales
-needles are grooved on upper surface and have a short petiole
-buds are sharply pointed

Front 14

Tsuga

Back 14

in Pinaceae
-hemlocks
-needles are flattened, grooved above, have two rows of stomata on underside, blunt tips
-vegetative buds are very small and ovoid
-seed cones are pendant, and cone scales are thin and much longer than bracts

Front 15

Gingko biloba L.

Back 15

Gingko, maidenhair tree
leaves: deciduous, obdeltoid, dichotomous venation
twigs and buds: twigs smooth with thick obvious short shoots, leaves alternate and spirally arranged
seed-bearing structure: mature seed large, plum-like, foul smelling when overripe

Front 16

Taxus brevifolia Nutt.

Back 16

Pacific yew
leaves: revolute with convex lower surface
seed-bearing structure: bluish seed set in a bright red cup-like fleshy aril

Front 17

Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch

Back 17

Monkey-puzzle
leaves: triangular, with leaf base clasping the stem
seed cones: seeds large and inside the cone scale

Front 18

Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc.

Back 18

umbrella pine
leaves: slightly rubbery feeling needles, deeply grooved on both surfaces, in fascicles of 2, whorled in clusters of 10-15 around twig
seed cones: scales woody, fan-shaped, loosely attached, both surfaces furrowed

Front 19

Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Little
a.k.a. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

Back 19

Yellow - cedar (yellow cypress)
-crown is droopier than other native cypresses
leaves: scale like, forming 4 rows along twig, leaves in all four rows fairly similar, unpleasant smell when crushed
twigs: tough, flexible, limp
seed cones: globular, 4-6 mushroom-shaped woody scales
bark: light grey to grey-brown, in vertical strips

Front 20

Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don

Back 20

Western red cedar
-flatter than yellow cedar
leaves: in 4 rows along the twig, but upper & lower leaves flattened
twigs: stiffer than yellow cedar
seed cones: ovoid, 8-10 cone scales, woody-leathery
bark: grey to reddish-brown, in long fibrous strips

Front 21

Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin

Back 21

incense-cedar
leaves: scale-like, whorled in 4s, side leaves folded, upper & lower leaves flattened, closely appressed to stem, shiny dark green, aromatic when crushed
seed cones: 6 scales, 2 becoming greatly enlarged and spreading at maturity, similar in profile to a fleur de lise.

Front 22

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.

Back 22

Rocky mountain juniper
leaves: both needle and scale-like leaves
seed cones: berry-like, fleshy, fragrant, bright to dark blue

Front 23

Juniperus communis L.

Back 23

common juniper
leaves: NO SCALE LEAVEs, needle leaves only, very sharp pointed
seed cones: berry-like, very fleshy, fragrant, bluish-black, smells stronger than rocky mountain juniper

Front 24

Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don

Back 24

Japanese-cedar or sugi
leaves: awl-shaped, tips curved inward
seed cones: globular, 20-30 scales with teeth at tip

Front 25

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

Back 25

Chinese-fir
leaves: lanceolate and sharp pointed, bright green and glossy above
seed cones: cones look like wooden roses

Front 26

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng

Back 26

Dawn redwood
-trunk is distinctly buttressed
leaves: deciduous, opposite, 2-ranked
seed cones: globular, woody scales in opposite pairs

Front 27

Sequoia semprevirens (D. Don) Endl.

Back 27

Coast redwood
leaves: needle-like, slightly keeled on bottom with 2 lines of stomata
seed cones: globular, 2-3 cm long, scales wrinkled on the outside (like the lips of an old person), spreading when mature (further apart than sierra redwood)

Front 28

Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh.

Back 28

Sierra redwood
leaves: scale-like, awl-shaped, small, lance shaped leaves diverge from twig and are rigid, sharp-pointed
seed cones: ovoid-oblong, scales peltate, thick, wrinkled and pitted on the outside, spreading (wide) when mature
-fibrous cinnamon red bark

Front 29

Taxodium distichum (L.) L. Rich.

Back 29

Bald-cypress
leaves: needle-like, deciduous, alternate
seed cones: globular and somewhat irregular
-has knees on wetter sites

Front 30

"soft" pines

Back 30

-apophysis: umbo @ tip of scale, with no armour
-flexible scales
-fascicle bundles w/ 5 needles
-fascicle sheath deciduous

Front 31

"hard" pines

Back 31

-apophysis: often armoured, centred, stiff scales
-fascicle bundles w/ 2 or 3 needles
-fascicle sheaths are persistent

Front 32

Pinus albicaulis Engelm.

Back 32

Whitebark pine
-soft pine
leaves: stout and stiff, no teeth
twigs: smooth and grey
seed cones: globular to ovoid, stalkless; scales thick, tough, pointed, opens slightly when mature, large wingless seeds, disintegrates on tree or when it falls to ground.

Front 33

Pinus flexilis James

Back 33

Limber pine
-soft pine
leaves: stout & stiff, no teeth
seed cones: cylindrically to narrowly ovoid, scales thick at tip, spoon shaped. Cones open on tree, large almost wingless seed

Front 34

Pinus lambertiana Dougl.

Back 34

Sugar pine
-soft pine
leaves: fine, minutely toothed
seed cones: large, 25-65 cm long, scales slightly thicker and more rigid than in white pine; seed large and winged

Front 35

Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don

Back 35

Western white pine
-soft pine
leaves: fine, minutely toothed, bluish green
seed cones: cylindrical, 10-30 cm long, pendulous, on 2cm stalk, 90-160 thin tipped scales

Front 36

Pinus strobus L.

Back 36

Eastern white pine
-soft pine
leaves: very fine, minutely toothed
seed cones: slender, 8-20 cm long, narrower than W. white pine

Front 37

Pinus banksiana Lamb.

Back 37

jack pine
-hard pine
leaves: in 2s, stiff, sharp, straight or slightly twisted, spread apart.
seed cones: asymmetrical, straight or curved inwards, usually pointing forward on twig, no (or small) prickle on scales

Front 38

Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud var. latifolia Engelm.

Back 38

Lodgepole pine
-hard pine
leaves: in 2s, usually strongly twisted, not spread apart
seed cones: sometimes asymmetrical, at right angles to branch or pointing back

Front 39

Pinus coulteri D. Don

Back 39

coulter pine
-hard pine
leaves: in 3s, 15-30 cm
seed cones: very large, 25-35cm long, thick scales terminating in a large claw

Front 40

Pinus ponderosa P. Laws ex C. Laws

Back 40

Ponderosa pine
-hard pine
leaves: typically in 3s, 12-25 cm long
seed cones: cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, shiny reddish-brown, scales have sharp prickle

Front 41

Pinus sylvestris L.

Back 41

Scots pine
-hard pine
leaves: in 2s 4-8 cm long
seed cones: conical to ovoid, often asymmetrical, apophysis raised and 4 sided (often with a cross), usually without a prickle

Front 42

Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch

Back 42

Tamarack
leaves: 20-50mm, deciduous
twigs: hairless, terminal bud surrounded by a circle of hairs on sort shoots
seed cones: 10-20mm, scales smooth; much longer than bracts

Front 43

Larix lyallii Parl.

Back 43

Subalpine larch
leaves: deciduous
twigs: stout, very pubescent, bud scales have dense fringe of hairs
seed cones: tipped bracts are longer than the scales and fringed with hairs

Front 44

Larix occidentalis Nutt.

Back 44

Western larch
leaves: deciduous
twigs: young ones hairy, ones that have overwintered don't have hair
seed cones: tips curved towards base of cone when open. tips of bracts extend beyond the scales

Front 45

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G. Manetti

Back 45

Atlas cedar
leaves: short shoots, evergreen, single needles
seed cones: egg shaped with flat top, erect, cone scales very wide and deciduous, bracts fused to scales