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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality psych |
Studies personality and its variations among individuals, based on theory and evidence |
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Psychological triad |
How we feel, how we think, how we behave |
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3 levels of personality analysis |
1. human nature: traits and mechanisms nearly everyone has (like all others) 2. Individual/group differences: individual is the way in which each person is like some other people, group is how people from one group differ from people from another group (like some others) 3. Individual uniqueness: uniqueness from person to person, everyone has unique qualities not shared by anyone else (like no others) |
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Walter Mischel argued |
Behavior isnt consistent across time or situations, personality argument doesnt have much of a point and its an illusion |
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Criticisms of mischel |
Unfair lit review conducted, too small of a time frame, .40 confidence meaning 50% by chance |
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Person x situation debate |
Both internal traits and situation were in are important in determining our behavior, you cant predict specific instances of behavior |
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Situationalism |
Behavior influenced more by the situation than a trait |
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Reliability |
Stability within a test (internal, within items of test is test measuring true level. Test retest, overtime) |
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Validity (3 types) |
Does the test test what it says it does (convergent: is it related to tests it should be, divergent: is it unrelated to tests it shouldnt be related to, criterion/prediction: can the score predict outcomes accurately) |
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2 types of response bias sets |
1. Aquiscense: agreement, says yes to whatever you ask 2. Social desirability: says what makes them look best |
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Sources of personality data |
S data: self reports, asking personally I data: informant data, asking those close to person B data: behavioral data, can be naturalistic or in a lab, used to see actions T data: test data, biological or paper tests L data: life data, whats seen in a persons often public face |
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Allports trait approach |
Says there are 3 important trait types that reflect our values: cardinal (single, directs most of actions), central (set of major characteristics), & secondary (less important that dont affect behavior as much) |
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Four methods of connecting behavior to traits |
1. Single trait approach: looks at one trait and its affect on behavior 2. Many trait: looks at many traits and tries to determine what correlates with what behaviors 3. Essential trait: determines what traits are most important 4. Typological |
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Eysneck 3 |
Came up with 3 main traits: extroversion, neuroticism, & psychotism |
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Cattell |
Believed you needed more traits, came up with 16 |
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Self monitoring |
Blending in, inner v outer |
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Conscientiousness |
Related to integrity tests, shows self discipline and responsibility |
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The big 5 |
Applied to cross cultural university, 5 traits: neuroticism, openness, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness |
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Lexical approach |
Know what traits are important based on what words exist to describe them and if in many languages |
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Rank order consistency |
Maintenance of individual differences in behavior/personality overtime across situation |
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Phrenology |
Founder was franz joseph gull, examined bumps on skull |
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Phineas gage |
Iron rod through skull, railroad worker, forever changed his personality |
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Neurotransmitters |
Dopamine (motivation, emotional arousal) serotonin ( sleep, appetite) norepinephrine (anxiety, fight or flight) |
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Dorwins theory |
Successful variants will be passed on, unsuccessful will die out |
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Inclusive fitness theory |
Characteristics facilitate survival of offspring and genetic relatives |
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Types of studies |
Family studies (personality to genetic relatives and how alike) Twin studies (compares personality similarities between MZ and DZ twins) Adoption studies (compares personality of adopted kid w bio and adopted parents) |
