Thank You For Arguing Questions

Front 1

Heinrich uses the term Manchurian Canidate. What does it mean?

Back 1

It means to hypnotize people into doing your bidding.

Front 2

What is rhetoric according to Webster, and to Heinrich?

Back 2

"Using words . . . to influence or persuade." to argue without anger

Front 3

Pg. 5, what are the 3 traits of credible leadership?

Back 3

Virtue, disinterest, and practical wisdom.

Front 4

What trumps logic and why?

Back 4

Seduction trumps logic because it can get people to WANT to do something, rather than just do it.

Front 5

On page 11, the author is cluing you in that he just tricked/manipulated your logic. He states that because Kennedy used the chiasmus sentence structure, people joined the Peace Corps, and odds are, when you read this you accepted it and moved right along reading. Well, if that’s what you did, you got fooled. If that claim were to be properly presented, what should we as an audience need to know about the connection between the speech and the Peace Corps surge?

Back 5

We would need context of what was happening at the time, and why the Peace Corps would up in numbers after being persuaded to do something for your country.

Front 6

Pg. 16, why is a persuader better than an aggressor?

Back 6

Because when you persuade your audience, you win an argument. You win a fight when you dominate the enemy. It is easier to get a more successful outcome with persuasion and manipulation rather than aggression, which is only likely to lead to revenge or retreat.

Front 7

Pg. 17, what is the difference between an argument and a fight?

Back 7

A fight is where one person takes out their aggression on another. An argument is persuasion that tries to change your mood, mind, or willingness to do something.

Front 8

Is there any value in being arrogant or intentionally domineering in order to “win” an argument? Why not?

Back 8

In most cases no, because fairly universally all you would achieve by that is pissing off/losing favor with your audience, and that is counter-productive to most end goals. If it is meant for comedic effect, then it could be worth it, but it is better to avoid it for the most part.

Front 9

What are the 3 steps to getting your audience to do what you want? (Page 22)

Back 9

Stimulating your audience’s emotions, changing its opinion, and getting it to act.

Front 10

How can you apply lessons from chapter 2 into your own writing?

Back 10

By providing gentle manipulation within one’s writing through emotion, one can change the opinion of their audience or get their audience to act in the desired way.

Front 11

Pg. 27, what are the 3 categories that the Greeks claim every argument falls into?

Back 11

Blame, values, and choice.

Front 12

What tenses are assigned to these 3 issues?

Back 12

Blame= past, values=present, and choice=future.

Front 13

What is a demonstrative argument, and what is a deliberative argument?

Back 13

A deliberative argument weighs one choice against another, while a demonstrative argument relies on values.

Front 14

What does Heimrich mean by a person’s life persuades better than his word (page 40)?

Back 14

He means that a trustworthy person is more likely to be believed than someone who lies all the time.

Front 15

Pg. 46, and 50-51, in your own words explain what ethos is and what one must be cautious of when trying to build their ethos?

Back 15

Ethos is the credibility of the speaker. You must be cautious when building ethos, because while you want to be credible, you want to give the audience what they expect (in a way likely to get you what you want).

Front 16

Pg. 56, what are three things you need to consider when attempting to establish your ethos?

Back 16

Your audience’s receptivity, whether they are attentive, and whether they are well disposed to you. Also, you can brag/get a witness to brag for you, reveal a tactical flaw, or switch sides when the powers that be do.

Front 17

Explain what virtue is and what strategies one can use in order to appear virtuous?

Back 17

Virtue is whether or not you share your audience’s values; the values you hold and act consistently on. Appealing to the sensibilities of your audience helps you establish ethos.

Front 18

Explain what practical wisdom is and what strategies one can use in order to appear practical and wise?

Back 18

Practical wisdom (aka craft) is the appearance of knowing what you’re talking about. To give the impression of practical wisdom, you can show off your experience, to bend the rules, and seem to take the middle course.

Front 19

Explain what disinterested is and what the 3 strategies are that one can use in order to appear disinterested?

Back 19

Disinterested means without any special interest in a situation, which can make you appear selfless. To give the appearance of disinterest, you can seem reluctant to deal with something you are eager to deal with, act as though the choice you advocate is to your own disadvantage, and make it seem like you have no tricks.

Front 20

What is dubitation?

Back 20

It is the art of feigning weakness, insecurity, or doubt to gain credibility and sympathy from the audience. It may lower the expectations of the audience, making what you have to say more persuasive.

Front 21

Pg. 79, a, “good persuader doesn’t merely” what? They must manipulate what?

Back 21

Express their own emotions; they must also manipulate the emotions of their audience.

Front 22

Pg. 80, people’s rationale should be modified through their?

Back 22

Pathos.

Front 23

Pg. 81, what’s one way to change someone’s mood?

Back 23

Telling a story.

Front 24

Pg. 82, pathos depends on?

Back 24

It depends on people’s beliefs, or their experience and expectation.

Front 25

According to page 83, pathos is most influential on who, and logos and ethos when?

Back 25

Pathos is most influential towards the end of an argument, with logos and ethos at the beginning so the audience has a good grasp of your character and what you want.

Front 26

Pg. 83, when you argue emotionally, why speak simply?

Back 26

Because people experiencing real and powerful emotion speak simply. Even if you’re playing the part of having those emotions, the game will be up if you can’t portray it convincingly.

Front 27

Pg. 85, how can humor help you in an argument?

Back 27

It calms people down and makes you appear above petty squabbles.

Front 28

Pg. 85, what does humor not help you to do?

Back 28

Motivate people to action.

Front 29

Pg. 86, what are the three emotions that can get people to do what you want them to?

Back 29

Anger, patriotism, and emulation.

Front 30

Pg. 86, the best way to anger someone is to what

Back 30

Belittle that which they desire.

Front 31

Pg. 86, (in the margin) in an argument, what can you do to cause an emotional response in your audience against your opponent?

Back 31

Show the audience that your opponent dismisses that which they desire.

Front 32

Pg. 87, explain what an appeal to patriotism (type of pathos appeal) is and how it works.

Back 32

Patriotism inspires belief in a group, or a kind of loyalty. This appeal is best suited for looking at the future. It is often triggered in response to something negative. It attaches a choice or action to the audience’s sense of group identity.

Front 33

Pg. 88, how does emulation work?

Back 33

Emulation is the mimicking of some sort of role model; often triggered by something positive.

Front 34

P. 89, what shouldn’t you communicate to your audience preemptively?

Back 34

Humor or emotion.

Front 35

Pg. 91, explain the benefit of using passive voice.

Back 35

It distances oneself from the event or action, thus calming emotions involved.

Front 36

Pg. 92, Explain what setting a backfire is.

Back 36

Setting a backfire is inspiring sympathy through a mea culpa routine that exaggerates the emotions of the audience.

Front 37

What is the third tactic one can use as a calming device?

Back 37

Backfire.

Front 38

Pg. 98-100, when trying to logically convince someone of your point, what do you need to consider, or have to prove?

Back 38

You have to consider what your audience values, and figure out how to convince the audience that your argument will provide them what they value.

Front 39

Pg. 99, (in the margin) what outweighs morality in an argument?

Back 39

What’s advantageous (for the audience).

Front 40

Pg. 100, what is a commonplace? Explain in your own words.

Back 40

A commonplace is a viewpoint your audience holds in common.

Front 41

Pg. 109, List, in order the steps you can use to set up an argument in your favor.

Back 41

Redefine the terms, argue that your opponent’s argument is less important, and claim the discussion is irrelevant.

Front 42

In your own words, explain how redefining works.

Back 42

Take your opponent’s facts and terms and argue in such a way as to make them appear to your advantage.

Front 43

Pg, 125, explain the difference between deductive and inductive logic.

Back 43

Deductive reasoning starts with a premise and applies it to a specific case to reach a conclusion. Inductive reasoning takes specific cases and uses them to prove a premise or conclusion.

Front 44

Pg. 137, (you might need to look this one up) what is fallacy?

Back 44

A fallacy is a fault in logic.

Front 45

Pg. 138, what are the 4 questions you have to ask to make sure a logical flaw isn’t being used on you?

Back 45

Does the proof hold up? Am I given the right number of choices? Does the proof lead to the conclusion? Who cares?

Front 46

Pg. 155-170, explain why humiliation, threats, nasty language, and utter stupidity are rhetorical FOULS.

Back 46

They are rhetorical fouls because they make argument impossible.

Front 47

Pg. 176, what does “lying in the mean” mean?

Back 47

It means that a person lies exactly (or nearly) in between two extremes in choices, traits, or opinions. Rhetorical virtue is described as a state of character, concerned with a choice, lying in a mean.

Front 48

Pg. 180, what are steps one should take in questioning someone’s ethos, to determine if they have Rhetorical virtue? Make sure you understand these steps.

Back 48

Discover whether they lie between the mean, and figure out how they describe the mean.

Front 49

Pg. 181-188, what should be asked to determine if a person has practical wisdom?

Back 49

Has the advisor figured out your particular (and real) needs?

Front 50

Pg. 191, what is the Identity Strategy?

Back 50

It is a strategy that involves getting your audience members to bond with each other and see you as their ideal leader.

Front 51

What is code grooming (AKA a discourse group).

Back 51

Code grooming is using insider language to get an audience to identify with you and your idea.