Study Guide Exam 3

Front 1

Health disparity

Back 1

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages.

Front 2

Social determinants of health are ...

Back 2

The condition in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age shaped by money, power, and resource at global, national, and local levels.

Front 3

Health care disparities

Back 3

Differences among populations in the availability, accessibility, and quality of health care services aimed at prevention, treatment, and management of diseases and their complications.

Front 4

Who has implemented standards focused on cultural competency, health literacy, and patient centered care?

Back 4

1. The Joint Commission

2. National Quality Forum

3. National Commission on Quality Assurance

Front 5

Culture

Back 5

A pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles, and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a defined geographical region.

Front 6

Intersectionaliy

Back 6

Belong simultaneously to multiple social groups within changing social and political contexts.

Front 7

Oppression

Back 7

A formal and informal system of advantages and disadvantages tied to a membership in social groups, such as work, school, or families.

Front 8

Transcultural nursing

Back 8

Comparative study of cultures in order to understand their similarities and differences.

Front 9

Culturally congruent care

Back 9

Care that fits a person's life patterns, values, and system of meaning.

Front 10

Cultural awareness

Back 10

Self-examination of one's own background, recognize bias and prejudices.

Front 11

Cultural knowledge

Back 11

Sufficient comparative knowledge of divers groups

Front 12

Cultural skills

Back 12

Ability to access social, cultural, and biophysical factors that influence patient care.

Front 13

Cultural encounters

Back 13

Cross-cultural interactions that provide opportunities to learn about other cultures.

Front 14

Cultural desires

Back 14

Motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others.

Front 15

Cultural competence

Back 15

Developmental process that evolves overtime in relation to level of awareness, knowledge, and skill.

Front 16

Culturally oriented question types to use in a comprehensive cultural assessment ..

Back 16

Open ended, focused, contrast, ethnohistory, sexual orientation and gender identity, socioeconomic status, bicultural ecology and health risks, language and communication, caring beliefs and practices.

Front 17

Linguistic competence

Back 17

The ability of an organization and its staff to communicate effectively and convey information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse audiences.

Front 18

Ways to use the teach-back method

Back 18

- plan your approach

-use handouts, pictures, models

-clarify

-practice

Front 19

When providing care to patients with varied cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for the nurse to recognize that?

Back 19

Nurses need to determine how much an individual's life patterns are consistent with his/her heritage.

Front 20

What are the three factor that underlie the family approach to the nursing process .

Back 20

1. Assess all individuals within the family context

2. Asses the family as patient

3. Assess the family as a system

Front 21

Identify and define the five areas to include in a family assessment

Back 21

Interactive processes

developmental processes

Coping processes

Integrity processes

Health processes

Front 22

A comprehensive, culturally sensitive family assessment is critical in order too ...

Back 22

Understand the family life, understand the current changes within it, understand the family's overall goals and understand the family's expectations.

Front 23

Challenges for family nursing in relation to discharge planning

Back 23

Requires an accurate assessment of what will be needed for care at the time of discharge along with any shortcomings in the home setting.

Front 24

Challenges for family nursing in relation to cultural diversity

Back 24

Requires recognizing not only the diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds of patients, but also the differences and similarities within the same family.

Front 25

Family care giving in regards to family centered care

Back 25

Finding resources, providing personal care, monitoring for complications or side effects, provide instructions for everyday living.

Front 26

Health promotion in regards to family centered care

Back 26

Interventions to improve or maintain the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual well-being of the family unit and its members.

Front 27

Acute care in regards to family centered care

Back 27

Be aware of the implications of early discharge for pts an their families

Front 28

Restorative and continuing care in regards to family centered care

Back 28

To maintain the pts functional abilities within the context of the family.

Front 29

Identity

Back 29

Internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations.

Front 30

Body Image

Back 30

Includes physical appearance, structure and function of the body.

Front 31

Role performance

Back 31

The way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles.

Front 32

Self-esteem

Back 32

Individuals overall feeling of self-worth

Front 33

Identify the primary route of HIV infx

Back 33

Contaminated IV needles, anal intercourse, vaginal intercourse, oral-genital sex, and transfusion of blood products.

Front 34

List the commonly diagnosed STI's

Back 34

Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, HPV, herpes simplex virus

Front 35

Identify sociocultural dimensions on sexuality

Back 35

-Impact of preg and menstration on sexuality

-discussing sexual issues

-contraception

-abortion

-sti prevention

Front 36

Identify four alterations in sexual health

Back 36

1. infertility

2.sexual abuse

3.personal and emotional conflicts

4.sexual dysfunction

Front 37

What factors that may affect sexuality would the nurse assess?

Back 37

Physical, functional, relationship, lifestyle, developmental factors, and self-esteem factors.

Front 38

The PLISSIT assessment for sexuality stands for?

Back 38

Permission, limited information, specific suggestions, and intensive therapy.

Front 39

What are the stressors that may affect a person's sexuality during illness?

Back 39

Individuals experience major physical changes, effects of drugs or tx, emotional stress of prognosis, concern about future functioning and separation from others.

Front 40

Spirituality

Back 40

An awareness of one's inner self and a sense of connection to a higher being, nature or to some purpose other than oneself.

Front 41

Transcendence

Back 41

Belief that there is a force outside of and greater than the person.

Front 42

Connectedness

Back 42

interpersonally, intrapersonally, and transpersonally

Front 43

Atheist

Back 43

Does not believe in the existence of god.

Front 44

Agnostic

Back 44

Belief that there is no known ultimate reality

Front 45

Spiritual well-being

Back 45

Having a vertical and horizontal dimenstion

Front 46

Faith

Back 46

Allows people to have firm beliefs despite lack of physical evidence.

Front 47

Religion

Back 47

The system of organized beliefs and worship that a person practices.

Front 48

Hope

Back 48

An energizing source that has an orientation to future goals and outcomes.

Front 49

Spiritual distress

Back 49

Impaired ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life.

Front 50

Spiritual distress with acute illness

Back 50

The strength of a pts spirituality influences how he/she copes with sudden illness and how quickly he/she moves to recovery.

Front 51

Spiritual distress with chronic illness

Back 51

Dependence on others for routine self-care needs often creates feelings of powerlessness ; this along with the loss of a sense of purpose in life impairs the ability to cope with alterations in function.

Front 52

Spiritual distress with terminal illness

Back 52

Terminal illness creates an uncertainty about what death means and thus makes pts susceptible to spiritual distress.

Front 53

Spiritual distress with near-death experience

Back 53

A near-death experience is a psychological phenomenon of people who either have been close to clinical death or have recovered after being declared dead.

Front 54

Coping

Back 54

Efforts directed toward managing or solving various events, problems, or stressors.

Front 55

Culture

Back 55

The sum of values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people that are transmitted from one generation to the next.

Front 56

Discipline

Back 56

The structure an adult sets for a child's life

Front 57

Ethnocentrism

Back 57

The opinion that the beliefs and customs of one's own ethnic group are superior to those of others.

Front 58

Fatalism

Back 58

Belief that events are predestined

Front 59

nuclear family

Back 59

Family consisting of two generations (parents and children) living together more or less isolated from other close relatives.

Front 60

Stress

Back 60

Any situation, positive or negative, requiring adjustments on the part of individuals, families, or groups.

Front 61

Problems with dual income

Back 61

stress, child-care

Front 62

problems with single parents

Back 62

poverty, overwhelming child-rearing responsibilities.

Front 63

problems with blended families

Back 63

differences in parenting styles, values, and disciplines

Front 64

problems with adoption

Back 64

little time to prepare for birth, little support afterwards

Front 65

problems with multigenerational

Back 65

generational conflicts

Front 66

problems with same-sex parents

Back 66

conflicts with community values

Front 67

problems with adolescent parents

Back 67

poverty, inability to seek higher education, high infant mortality rate

Front 68

problems with families with substance abuse

Back 68

child-neglect, risk-taking behaviors, and possible criminal activity.

Front 69

problems with families with special needs children

Back 69

financial hardships, marital stress, and sibling resentment

Front 70

What could affect communication with Southeast Asians?

Back 70

Voice tone : soft

Eye contact : no prolonged eye contact

Front 71

Interpreters

Back 71

Interpreters should be from an acceptable region; information is typically shared only with friends and family.

Front 72

Paternalism

Back 72

A male's opinion or permission is often required

Front 73

Stress

Back 73

an experience a person is exposed to through a stimulus or stressor

Front 74

allostatic load

Back 74

chronic arousal that causes excessive wear and tear on the person.

Front 75

appraisal

Back 75

how people interpret the impact of the stressor on themselves.

Front 76

stressors

Back 76

are tension producing stimuli operating within or on any system.

Front 77

fight or flight response

Back 77

arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 78

general adaptation syndrome

Back 78

a three-stage reaction to stress

Front 79

crisis

Back 79

symptoms of stress persist beyond the duration of a stressor.

Front 80

alarm stage

Back 80

rising hormone levels result in increased blood volume, blood glucose levels, epinephrine, and norepinephrine amounts, heart rate, blood flow to the muscles, o2 intake, an mental alertness.

Front 81

resistance stage

Back 81

Body stabilizes and responds in the opposite manner to the alarm stage

Front 82

exhaustion stage

Back 82

occurs when body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor.

Front 83

medulla oblongata

Back 83

controls heart rate, blood pressure, and resp

Front 84

pituitary gland

Back 84

produces hormones necessary for adaption to stress

Front 85

coping

Back 85

person's effort to manage psychological stress

Front 86

ego-defense mechanism

Back 86

allow a person to cope with stress indirectly

Front 87

reticular formation

Back 87

monitors the physiological status of the body through connections with sensory and motor tracts.

Front 88

primary appraisal

Back 88

identifying the events of circumstances as a threat.

Front 89

posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD

Back 89

A trauma occurs and its effects sometimes last well after the event ends.

Front 90

secondary appraisal

Back 90

person is considering possible coping strategies or resources available to help deal with the event

Front 91

flashbacks

Back 91

recurrent or intrusive recollection of the event

Front 92

developmental crisis

Back 92

occurs as the person moves through life's stages.

Front 93

What is used to assess pt level of stress and coping (subjective)

Back 93

pt safety, perception of the stressor, available coping resources, maladaptive coping used, and adherence to healthy practices.

Front 94

What is used to assess pt level of stress and coping (objective)

Back 94

Grooming and hygiene, gait, characteristics of the handshake, actions while sitting, quality of speech, eye contact, and the attitude of the pt.

Front 95

Separation anxiety

Back 95

Distress or apprehension caused by being removed from parents, home, or surroundings.

Front 96

What age group is separation anxiety the most significant?

Back 96

Infant and toddler

Front 97

Three stages of separation anxiety

Back 97

protest

despair

detachment

Front 98

Protest

Back 98

child is agitated, resists caregivers, cries, and is inconsolable

Front 99

Despair

Back 99

child is hopeless, quiet, withdrawn, and apathetic

Front 100

Detachment

Back 100

Child may ignore parents but is interested in environment, plays, and seems to form relationships with caregivers and other children.

Front 101

Complimentary therapies

Back 101

therapies used in addition to conventional treatment recommended by the pts provider

Front 102

Alternative therapies

Back 102

Include the same interventions as complimentary but frequently become the primary treatment that replaces allopathic care.

Front 103

Dietary supplements (natural product)

Back 103

Intake by mouth , contain one or more dietary ingredient, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanical products.

Front 104

Herbal medicines (natural product)

Back 104

Plant-based therapies used in whole systems of medicine or as individual preparations by allopathic providers and consumers for specific symptoms or issues.

Front 105

Mycotherapies (natural product)

Back 105

Fungi-based (mushroom) products

Front 106

probiotics (natural product)

Back 106

Live microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal system; aka good bacteria.

Front 107

Healing touch (energy therapy)

Back 107

Biofield therapy ; uses gentle touch directly or close to the body to influence and support the human energy system and bring balance to the whole body (physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental); a formal educational and certificate system provides these credentials to practitioners.