Special Topics Sts

Front 1

It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another or modification of an organisms DNA in order to achieve a desired trait.

Back 1

Genetically modified organism.

Front 2

What is the difference of selective breeding from genetic modification?

Back 2

Selective breathing is slow imprecise and naturally occur in the organism on the other hand genetic modification is very fast more precise and has the ability to introduce genes into organisms that would not naturally occur.

Front 3

Artificial selection has influenced the genetic makeup of livestock and crops for thousands of years.True or false.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Proponents of GM crops say GM foods are not safe. T or f

Back 4

False

Front 5

What does critics of GM foods say?

Back 5

The traditional breeding use genes from the same species.

Selective breeding deals with whole organisms not just genes.

In traditional breeding genes come together on their own.

Front 6

Changes organisms through selection.

Back 6

Traditional Breeding.

Front 7

It is more like the process of mutation

Back 7

Genetic Engineering.

Front 8

It is the material application of biological science to create products derived from organisms.

Back 8

Biotechnology.

Front 9

It is an organism that contains DNA from another species.

Back 9

Transgenic organism.

Front 10

The genes that have moved between organisms.

Back 10

Transgenes

Front 11

Give 5 examples of GMO in medicine.

Back 11

Front 12

Example of GMO in biofuel.

Back 12

Algenol Biofuels and Rapeseed

Front 13

Gmo in bio remediation.

Back 13

poplar trees removed groundwater contaminants.

Enviropig (frankenswine).Able to digest and process phosphate

Front 14

Gmo in pesticides.

Back 14

Kills caterpillars but not poisonous to humans.

Front 15

GMO in manufacturing.

Back 15

Produces silk in milk to make biosteel

Front 16

Some examples of genetically modified foods

Back 16

Bt crops.

Roundup ready crops.

Ice minus strawberries.

Golden rice.

Startlink corn.

AquAdvantage salmon.

Front 17

Golden rice is genetically modified by inserting a gene from maize and a gene from bacteria found in soil which allows the plant to biosynthesized ______ in rice.

Back 17

Beta carotene

Front 18

Give examples of common GM foods.

Back 18

Corn

Canola

Potatoes

Tomatoes

Squash

Soybeans

Flax

Cottonseed oil and

Sugar beets.

Front 19

It is the most covered GM foods that comprises 57.5%.

Back 19

Soybeans.

Front 20

least type of Gm CROPS WITH ONLY 4.7 %

Back 20

Canola

Front 21

experts say ___ to ___ % of processed foods on US grocery shelves have genetically modified ingredients.

Back 21

60 to 70

Front 22

nation that has the highest GM crops

Back 22

United States

Front 23

percentage of unexplained cause of infertility

Back 23

18%

Front 24

causes of infertiity in women

Back 24

ovulation disorders

tube/uterus blockage

cervix

endometriosis

Front 25

cause of infertility in men

Back 25

sperm count and defects

erctile or ejaculation deficiency

Front 26

environmental cause is called

Back 26

extrinsic

Front 27

ovulatory failure can be:

Back 27

polycystic ovarian syndrome

resistant ovarian syndrome

gonadal dysgenesis

Front 28

immpaired gamete / zygote transport can be:

Back 28

inflammatory disease

endometriosis

Front 29

an effect of low progesterone levels

Back 29

implantation defects

Front 30

result of chromosome abnormality

Back 30

spontaneous abortion

Front 31

condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Back 31

cryptorchidism

Front 32

example of chromosome disorders

Back 32

gonadal dysgenesis

Front 33

gonadotropin deficiency results in

Back 33

low sperm count and sperm of poor quality

Front 34

female infertility tests for ovulation

Back 34

basal body temperature

ovulation kit

hormone tests (steroids)

Front 35

femal infertility tests for post ovulatory block

Back 35

laparoscopy

hysterosalpingogram

post coital/cervial mucuous and sperm

sperm antibodies

endometrial biopsy

Front 36

this procedure can find adhesions, structural abnormality

Back 36

laparoscopy

Front 37

this procedure can look into block tubes

Back 37

hysterosalpingoram

Front 38

how many sperms are there in 1 ml of semen

Back 38

50 million sperm cells

Front 39

normal semen count per ejaculation

Back 39

2 to 5 ml

Front 40

infertility for men

Back 40

>20 million sperm per ml

>50% motile

>30% structurally normal

Front 41

male infertuuliy test procedure

Back 41

testicular biopsy

Front 42

example of older low tech treatments

Back 42

drug tretaement for ovulation block

itrauterine insemination

tubal surgery

Front 43

high tech assisted reproductio technologies

Back 43

IVF

GIFT

ZIFT

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Front 44

IVF

Back 44

Invitro fertilization.

Front 45

GIFT

Back 45

Gamete Intrafallopian tube transfer

Front 46

ZIFT

Back 46

Zygote intrafallopian tube transfer

Front 47

On this procedure, the eggs and sperm are collected as with IVF, but then injected directly into the woman's fallopian tubes so fertilization occurs inside the body

Back 47

Gift

Front 48

It is used when male has low sperm counts or sperm with poor mortility or if a couple has moral objections to IVF

Back 48

GIFT

Front 49

It combines aspect sof both IVF and GIFT.

Back 49

ZIFT

Front 50

On this procedure fertilization takes place outside the uterus and placed into the fallopian tubes

Back 50

ZIFT

Front 51

On a ZIFT procedure, eggs are collected and fertilized by the partner's sperm in the _________

Back 51

Laboratory

Front 52

The name of the first test tube baby

Back 52

Louise Joy Brown

Front 53

Basic steps in IVF

Back 53

Ovary stimulation

Egg retrieval

Sperm retrieval

Fertilization

Embryo transfer

Progesterone

Front 54

Drugs used for ovary stimulation

Back 54

-Clomiphene

-Human menopausal gonadotropins-Follicle stimulating hormone

-Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone

-Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone Agonist

-Human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 55

Clomiphene is a s anti estrogen that i also known as

Back 55

Clomid

Front 56

FSH is also known as

Back 56

Metrodin

Front 57

GnRH agonist is also known as

Back 57

Lupron

Front 58

You could take clomid, performances, HCG shot, and progesterone in a single cycle

Back 58

True

Front 59

Why do you need to transfer more that one embryo

Back 59

-increase the pregnancy rate

-leads to incrasd risk of multiple pregnancies

-test embryos before transfer

Front 60

GIFT is executed through a surgical incisions

Back 60

No. Ultrasound guide

Front 61

This is the removal or change in the genetic material in the cells of a patient

Back 61

Gene Therapy

Front 62

Help make functioning proteins despite the presence o of a faulty gene

Back 62

Gene therapy

Front 63

5 types of gene therapy

Back 63

-gene addition

-gene correction

-gene silencing

-reprogramming

-cell elimination

Front 64

On gene therapy a working copy of a gene is transferred into the target cell using a _______

Back 64

Vector

Front 65

Inserting a new copy of gene into the target cells

Back 65

Gene Addition

Front 66

Modifying part of a gene using recently developed gene editing technology

Back 66

Gene correcction

Front 67

Example of recently developed gene editing technology

Back 67

CRISPR/cas9 , TALEN, ZFN

Front 68

Prevents the production of specific protein y targetinng mRNA

Back 68

Gene Silencing

Front 69

Mrna

Back 69

Messenger Ribonucleic acid

Front 70

Involves adding one or more genes to cells of a specific type

Back 70

Reprogramming

Front 71

Used to destroy malignant tumour cells

Back 71

Cell elimination

Front 72

Cancerous

Back 72

Malignant

Front 73

It is the transfer of cells into patient with tthe goal of improving a diseasse

Back 73

Cell therapy

Front 74

Exampl of a cell therapy

Back 74

CAR-T cell therapy

Front 75

It is the introduction, removal, or change in genetic material-DNA

Back 75

Gene therapy

Front 76

The patient's cell are reoved from the body

Back 76

Cell therapy

Front 77

Its goal is to remov, disrupt, or correct faulty elements if dna within the gene

Back 77

Gene editing

Front 78

6 types cell therapy

Back 78

-embryonic stem cells

-induced pluripotent stem cells

- nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells

-hematopoietic stem cells

-immune cell therapy

-other stem cell therapy

Front 79

Pluripoent stem cellsderived from embryos

Back 79

Embryonic stem cell

Front 80

A differentiated adult ell such as skin cell is reprogrammed to return to pluripotent cell

Back 80

INduced pluripotent stem cells

Front 81

Adult cells are called

Back 81

Somatic

Front 82

Plurpotent cells are produced by trannsferring the nucleus from an adult cell obtained from the patient to an oocyte obtained from a donor

Back 82

Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell

Front 83

a single cell that can replicat itself or differentiate into many cell types

Back 83

Stem cell

Front 84

The first mammal to have been successfully clned from an adult cell is a?

Back 84

Sheep

Front 85

Consdiered to be the poster child of modern biotechnology

Back 85

Dolly the sheep

Front 86

Give some exmaple of potential uses of adult stem cell

Back 86

Missing teeth

Cirrhosis

Arthritis

Lung cancer

Baldness

Blindness

Deafness

Front 87

Multi potent blod stem cells that give rise to all types of blood cells

Back 87

Hematopoietic stem cells

Front 88

Cells can be removed from the bod, isolated from a mixed cell population, modified and tehn expaned befoor return to the body

Back 88

Immune cell therapy

Front 89

Example of Immune cell therapy

Back 89

CAR-T cell therapy

Front 90

Other stem cell sources:

Back 90

Mesenchymal

Neural

Epithelial

Front 91

It states the prohibition and restriction of the creation, importation promotion, marketing, an us of stem cell therapies from ebryonic, abored fetal, and genetically altered, animal, and plant stem cell

Back 91

Administrative order no. 2013-0012

Front 92

It is an undifferntiated dividing cell that gives rise to a daughter cell like itself and a daughte cell that becomes a specialized cell type.

Back 92

Stem cell

Front 93

All stem cells can

Back 93

Self renew and differentiate

Front 94

Three stem cell types

Back 94

Embryonic

Tissue specific

Induced pluripotent

Front 95

Can form almost any cell type in the human body

Back 95

Embryonic

Front 96

Multipotent: can form only limited types of cells

Back 96

Tissue specific

Front 97

Engineered kby scientists to act like embryonic stem

Back 97

Induced pluripotent

Front 98

Most promising type of stem cell for therapy

Back 98

Embryonic stem cell

Front 99

What diseases do stem cells treat?

Back 99

Front 100

example of a tissue specific stem cell therapy

Back 100

Bone marrow transplant

Trachea transplantation

Front 101

Why do researchers stuudy embryonic stem cell?

Back 101

Front 102

Challenges

Back 102

Differentiation of stem cells into mature, functional cells

Potential for rtumor formation

Immune rejection

Front 103

Derived from skin r blood cells hat have bee reprogrammed back into an embryonic like pluripotent stat that enables teh dvelopment o an unlimited source of any typ of human cell needed foor therapeutic purposes

Back 103

Induced pluripotent stem cell