Speech Final

Front 1

Argumentation

Back 1

The act or process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to
a case in discussion

Front 2

Induction

Back 2

Introduces a large, general rule from a specific example. Says that what is true of a few instances is true generally.

Front 3

Deduction

Back 3

Determines the truth about specific examples using a large general rule. Says that what is true generally is or will be true in a specific instance.

Front 4

Refutation

Back 4

Denotes that part of an argument where a speaker or a writer encounters contradicting
points of view.

Front 5

Belief

Back 5

A statement that people accept as true.

Front 6

Proposition of Value

Back 6

An assertion about the relative worth of an idea or action.

Front 7

Attitude

Back 7

A statement expressing an individual’s approval or disapproval, like or dislike.

Front 8

Communication

Back 8

The process of sharing meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues.

Front 9

Values

Back 9

Judgement of what is right or wrong, desirable or undesirable, usually expressed as words
or phrases.

Front 10

Plaigarism

Back 10

The unattributed use of another’s ideas, words, or pattern of organization.

Front 11

Proposition of Fact

Back 11

An assertion about the truth or falsity of a statement.

Front 12

Ethics

Back 12

Standards used to discriminate between right and wrong, good and bad, in thought and action.

Front 13

Proposition of Policy

Back 13

A statement requisition support for a course of action.

Front 14

Persuation

Back 14

The process of influencing another person’s values, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Front 15

Fallacy

Back 15

A flaw in the logic of an argument.

Front 16

rules of evidence for using inductive arguments: examples, statistics, authority

Back 16

Examples need to be true, relevant, representative, and sufficient... *. Authority

Front 17

the process of refutation: steps and tactics

Back 17

1. state the position you are refuting

2. state you position

3. support your position

4. show how your position undermines the opposing argument

Front 18

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: five main steps and their sub-steps

Back 18

1. Getting attention 2. Establishing a need 3. offering a proposal to satisfy the need 4. inviting listeners to visualize the results 5. Requesting action

Front 19

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need

Back 19

1. (bottom) Physiological (physical) needs -water, food, sleep 2. Safety needs - Shelter 3. Belongingness and love needs - relationship, affection 4. esteem needs - self-worth, high self-evaluation 5. Self-actualization needs - feel we have reached our potential

Front 20

using emotional/motive appeals

Back 20

Emotional: (pathos) use to invoke anger, envy, fear, hate.. etc.

Front 21

factors of speaker credibility

Back 21

Your reputation. 1. Know your subject 2. Document your ideas 3. Cite your sources 4. Acknowledge personal involvement.

Front 22

audience analysis: demographics and psychographics

Back 22

X amount agree, what they think, what they know, how they feel about it

Front 23

the communication model

Back 23

A speaker encodes a message and sends it through a channel to a listener, who decodes it. The listener provides feedback and sends it through a change to a speaker. This interaction takes place in an environment with varying levels of internal and external noise.

Front 24

three-step process of perception

Back 24

Selection (what's important) Organization (Patterns that make sense) Interpretation (Decide what it means)

Front 25

Hasty generalization

Back 25

A fallacy that makes claims from insufficient or unrepresentative examples

Front 26

False analogy

Back 26

A fallacy that occurs when an argument by analogy compares entities that have critical differences

Front 27

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Back 27

A chronical fallacy that says that a prior event caused a subsequent event

Front 28

Slippery Slope

Back 28

A fallacy of causation that says that one action inevitably sets a chain of events in motion

Front 29

Red herring

Back 29

A fallacy that introduces irrelevant issues to deflect attention from the subject under discussion

Front 30

Appeal to tradition

Back 30

A fallacy that opposes change by arguing that old ways are always superior to new ways

Front 31

False Dilemma

Back 31

A fallacy that confronts listeners with two choices when, in reality, more options exist.

Front 32

False Authority

Back 32

A fallacy that uses testimony form sources who have no expertise on the topic in question

Front 33

Bandwagon

Back 33

A fallacy that determines truth, goodness, or wisdom by popular opinion

Front 34

Ad hominem

Back 34

A fallacy that urges listeners to reject an idea because of the allegedly poor character of the person voicing it; name-calling