Speech Final

Front 1

o Stages of perception

Back 1

o Stage one: stimulation
• Selective attention- we choose to what we are paying attention to.
• Selective exposure- we tend to want to expose ourselves to things that we are already used too. If we are not careful we will choose to expose ourselves to things we already agree with.
o Stage 2: organization
• Rules: proximity, similarity/contrast
• Schemata: mental templates
• Scripts: events and sequences
o Stage 3: interpretation-evaluation
• Subjective: experiences, needs, wants, values, expectations, physical and emotional state, gender and beliefs.
• Making sense of the stimuli
o Stage 4: Memory
• Everything we put into memory its already been analyzes and summarizes what happens
• Cognitive tags- something that when you store it you tagged it with something that might trigger that thought.
o Stage 5: Recall
• Reproduce vs. Reconstruct

Front 2

Barriers to Listing

Back 2

- Distractions: Physical and mental
- Biases and prejudices
- lack of appropriate focus
- premature judgement

Front 3

Styles of effective listening:

Back 3

- Empathetic and objective listening
- Nonjudgmental and critical listening
- surface and depth listening
- polite and impolite listening
- active and inactive listening

Front 4

Interpersonal conflict

Back 4

a conflict or disagreement between two persons

Front 5

Group task roles

Back 5

help the group focus on achieving its goals. Effective group members serve several roles. some people lock into a few specific roles, but this single focus is usually counterproductive-- it is better for the roles to be spread more evenly among the members and for the roles to be alternated frequently.

Front 6

Group building roles

Back 6

No group can be task oriented at all times. Group members have varied interpersonal relationships, and these need to be nourished if the group is to function effectively. Group members need to be satisfied if they are to be productive. Group building and maintenance roles serve these relationship needs.

Front 7

Individual roles

Back 7

Are counterproductive and hinder the group from achieving its goal and are individual rather than group oriented. Such roles, often termed dysfunctional, hinder the group's effectiveness in terms of both productivity and personal satisfaction.

Front 8

Principles of verbal messages

Back 8

- Message meanings are in people
- messages are denotative and connotative
- message meanings vary in politeness
- messages vary in assertiveness
- messages are influenced by culture and gender

Front 9

Interpersonal conflict

Back 9

a disagreement between or among connected individuals (e.g close friends lovers family members) who perceive their goals as incompatible.

Front 10

four stages of conflict

Back 10

- goals to be per sued
- the allocation of resources
- decisions to be made
- behavior that are considered appropriate or desire by one person that is found inappropriate by another.

Front 11

Principles of interpersonal conflict

Back 11

1. conflict can center on content or relationship issues
2. conflict can be positive or negative
3. conflict is influenced by culture or gender
4. conflict styles have consequences

Front 12

Content conflict

Back 12

Content conflict centers on objects events and persons that are usually but not always external to the parties involved in the conflict

Front 13

relationship conflict

Back 13

relationship conflict equally numerous and center on the nature and meaning of the relationship. Examples include clashes that arise when a younger brother refuses to obey the older brother.

Front 14

negative aspects of conflict

Back 14

often leads to increased negative regard for the opponent.

Front 15

positive aspects of conflict

Back 15

it focuses you to examine a problem and work toward a potential solution.

Front 16

collectivist culture

Back 16

conflicts most often involve violations of large group norms and values. such as failing your role Ex: as family provider or over stepping your social status by publicly disagreeing with a superior

Front 17

individualistic cultures

Back 17

such as US, Canada and Western Europe conflicts are more likely to occur when people violate expected norms for ex: not defending a position in the face of a disagreement.

Front 18

Conflict Styles:
Competing: I win, you Lose

Back 18

involves great concern for your own needs and desires and little for those of others. As long as your needs are met you think the conflict is dealt with successfully.

Front 19

Conflict Styles:
Avoiding: I lose, you lose

Back 19

conflict avoiders are relative unconcerned with their own or their opponents needs or desires. They avoid any real communication about the problem, change topics when the problem is brought up and generally withdraw by psychologically and physically.

Front 20

Conflict Styles:
Accommodating: I lose, you win

Back 20

you sacrifice your own needs for the needs of the others. the main goal is to keep the harmony and peace in the relationship or group.

Front 21

Accommodation

Back 21

represents an I lose you win philosophy.

Front 22

Conflict Styles:
Collaborating: I win, you win
(collaborating)

Back 22

you address both your own and the other person's needs. often considered the ideal, takes time and a willingness to communicate. enables each person's needs to be met.

Front 23

Conflict Styles:
Compromising: I win and Lose, You win and lose

Back 23

compromise is the kind of strategie as meeting each other half way or a hours trade or a give and take. there is some concern for your own needs and some for the other's needs. there will be a little dissatisfaction due to the bit that both loose.

Front 24

Conflict management strategies

Back 24

1. the goals to be achieved
2. emotional state
3. your cognitive assessment of the situation
4. your personality and communication competence
5. your family history

Front 25

Conflict Avoidance

Back 25

may involve physical flight. you may leave the scene of the conflict. It may take the form of emotional or intellectually avoidance

Front 26

Nonnegotiantion

Back 26

special type of avoidance. you refuse to discuss the conflict or to listen to the other person's argument. takes the form of hammering away at your own point of view until the other person gives in (steamrolling)

Front 27

provisionalism

Back 27

"lets explore this issue together and try to find a solution

Front 28

face-attacking

Back 28

conflict strategies are this ethat attack a person's positive face (e.g., making comments that criticize the person's contribution to a relationship or the person's ability) or a person's negative face (e.g., making demands on a person's time or resources that attack the person's autonomy)

Front 29

face-enhancing strategies

Back 29

those that support and confirm a person's positive face or negative face.

Front 30

beltlining

Back 30

when you hit below the belting, you can inflict serious intruy when you hit above the belt, however the person is able to absorb the blow.

Front 31

Gunnysacking

Back 31

refers to the unproductive process of storing up grievances- as if in a gunnysack- and then unloading them when an argument arises

Front 32

Verbal aggressiveness

Back 32

is a method of winning an augment by inflicting psychological pain, by attacking the other person's self-concept. The technique is a type of disconfirmation in that it seeks to discredit the individual's view of self

Front 33

argumentativeness

Back 33

refers to your willingness to argue for a point of view, your tendency to speak your mind on significant issues.

Front 34

Small Group

Back 34

a collection of individuals who are connected to one another by some common purpose. Are independent have some degree of organization among them and see themselves as a group

Front 35

small group consists of appox. how many people?

Back 35

3 to 12

Front 36

Team

Back 36

a particular kind of small group. It possesses all the characteristics of a small group with some extra qualities. It is a small group constructed for a specific task whose members have clearly defined rules and are committed to achieving the same goal and which is content focused.

Front 37

There are five stages in small group interaction

Back 37

1. opening
2.feedforward
3. business
4. feedback
5. closing

Front 38

Small group formats

Back 38

roundtable
the panel
symposium
symposium forum

Front 39

Roundtable

Back 39

group members arrange themselves physically in a circular or semicircular pattern. they share info or solve a problem without any set pattern of who speaks when. group interaction is informal and group members interact as they see fit.

Front 40

Panel

Back 40

members are experts but participate informal and without any set pattern of who speaks when as in the round table. the diff is they are often sitting side by side in from to an audience.

Front 41

Symposium

Back 41

each member delivers a prepared presentation much like a present speech. all speeches deliver different aspects of a single topic.

Front 42

symposium forum

Back 42

consists of two parts. A symposium with prepared speeches and a forum with questions front the audience and answers given by the speakers.

Front 43

group norms

Back 43

rules or standards identifying which behaviors are considered appropriate.

Front 44

high context culture

Back 44

is a culture in which much of the info conveyed is communicated by the context or in the person rather than in coded verbal messages.

Front 45

low context culture

Back 45

most of the info is communicated in an explicitly stated verbal message. they do not assume that they share similar information so they make all the info explicit.

Front 46

Brainstorming

Back 46

is a process often used in small groups it is a technique for analyzing a problem by generating as many ideas as possible.