Sociology 100

Front 1

Define culture

Back 1

The complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a given group or society.

Front 2

Compare material culture and non-material culture.

Back 2

Material culture is what's left behind physically. For example a hamburger, advertisment.

Non-material culture includes behaviors, beliefs, expectations, and values; the intangibles.

Front 3

List the four characteristics of culture.

Back 3

1. Shared

2. Learned

3. Taken for Granted

4. Varies across time.

Front 4

Explain a shared characteristic of culture.

Back 4

basis held in common so people can act sociologically acceptable in a society.

Front 5

Explain a learned characteristic of culture

Back 5

through SOCIALIZATION its formal and informal means, interaction, observation. We internalize the culture so it becomes what we respect and understand without thinking.

Front 6

Explain 'taken for granted' in terms of culture characteristics

Back 6

seen as normal. guides behavior without constantly thinking/ challenges.

Front 7

Explain 'varies across time and place' in terms of culture characteristics.

Back 7

different not bad

Front 8

What are the three elements of culture?

Back 8

1. Language

2. Norms

3. Values and beliefs

Front 9

Define culture lag.

Back 9

when culture changes, material changes faster than non-material culture

Front 10

Culture is a ____________ system.

Back 10

interactive

Front 11

Examples of language culture.

Back 11

way we speak, gestures, interactions, symbols

Front 12

Examples of norms (four)

Back 12

1. Formal

2. Informal

3. Mores

4. Folkways

Front 13

Compare formal norms and informal norms

Back 13

formal laws include laws, going to jail.

informal laws include suggested social follows that if not conducted could result in a negative stigma.

Front 14

Define:

1. Mores

2. Folkways

Back 14

1. Mores is to speak to expectations from strong beliefs. To give all the girls in the class an extra 10 pts would be to go against mores.

2. Folkways are natural standards of behavior. Example; giving personal space.

Front 15

Define Sanctions. What does it mean by positive or negative?

Back 15

A sanction is used to utilize/ reinforce behaviors.

-positive such as smiling at someone when they do something good.

-negative such as timeout or jail.

Front 16

What are the five variations of culture?

Back 16

1. Dominant culture

2. Sub culture

3. Counter-culture

4. Assimilation

5. Multiculturalism

Front 17

Define dominant culture

Back 17

The culture not most common but most in power/ the highest in power decide dominant culture.

Front 18

Define sub-culture and give an example

Back 18

A culture within a culture

Ex: CMU vs country

Front 19

Define counter-culture

Back 19

to reject dominant culture. its a deliberate way to reject expectations (goth)

Front 20

Define assimilation

Back 20

People joining culture need to adopt new culture mostly.

Front 21

Define multiculturism

Back 21

different cultures can coexist side by side. Requires respect.

Front 22

Define ethnocentrism

Back 22

belief that your culture is the best and right way. for example, United States.

Front 23

Define Xenocentrism

Back 23

belief that your culture is inferior and that other cultures are better. for example, "French fashion is the best fashion"

Front 24

Define Cultural Imperialism

Back 24

Behavior/exporting your culture on other cultures

"we know best" and actively doing so.

Front 25

Harold Garfinkel came up with ethnomethodology. What is ethnomethodology and what is it interested in?

Back 25

A perspective within sociology which focuses on the way people make sense of their everyday world. People are seen as rational actors, but employ practical reasoning rather than formal logic to make sense of and function in society. It is interested in the strength of social norms and social conformity in maintenence of everyday life.

Front 26

Name the two books on ethnomethodology

Back 26

1. "Behavior in Public Places" -1963

2. "Relations in Public" -1971

Front 27

Define Stratification.

Back 27

The systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships.

-consequence of social arrangements

-diff types: economic=example

-more excess more stratification

Front 28

What leads to more stratification?

Back 28

More excess

Front 29

What are the dimensions of social stratification?

Back 29

1. Race/ethnicity

2. Class

3.Gender

Front 30

Name systems for stratification.

Back 30

1. Slavery

2. Caste systems

3.Estate systems

4. Class systems

Front 31

Out of the four stratification we've looked at, which one does the United States have?

Back 31

Class system

Front 32

What is Marxist view on social stratification?

Back 32

economic system and distribution of resources (class) is ultimate source of all stratification and inequality.

Front 33

Your

Back 33

mom