Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ch. 3-12 When most people think of the character Captain Kirk from the original Star Trek series, they think of the line, "Beam me up, Scotty!" Actually, that line of dialog never appeared on the show. This example illustrates that memory is often
A) a product of our schemas. B) influenced by our peers. C) more accurate in thinking about real people than about fictitious characters. D) completely random. E) inconsistent with our schemas. Type: MC Page Ref: 65 Skill: Applied |
A
|
|
|
Ch. 3-14 Why do we use schemas?
A) Schemas are taught to us in our early childhood. B) Schemas enable us to interpret the world accurately. C) Without schemas, the world would seem inexplicable and confusing. D) Humans are born with schemas. E) Without schemas, we could not be accurate in our judgments. Type: MC Page Ref: 59-64 Skill: Conceptual |
C
|
|
|
Ch. 3-19 Recall that Harold Kelley (1950) told some college students that their guest instructor was a warm person, and others that he was a cold person. Students who were told that the guest instructor was a warm person evaluated him more positively and participated more in class discussion than did students who were told that he was cold. These results support the idea that schemas are
A) impossible to modify. B) generally accurate. C) different, depending on the information to which we are exposed. D) universal. E) especially influential when we encounter ambiguous information. Type: MC Page Ref: 63-64 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-21 The first day of class, Maria absolutely loved her new social psychology professor, but Daniel couldn't stand her. If their interpretations were influenced by schemas, in all likelihood, Maria had heard ________, whereas Daniel had heard ________.
A) nothing about the professor.....that the professor was horrible B) that the professor was great.....nothing about the professor C) nothing about the professor.....that the professor was supposed to be great D) that the professor was great.....that the professor was horrible E) that the professor was an introvert.....that the professor was an extravert Type: MC Page Ref: 63-64 Skill: Applied |
D
|
|
|
Ch. 3-23 Michelle has worked on a psychiatric unit for three years. On the way home from work one day, she encounters a man who gestures wildly and talks to himself while he stands at the bus stop. Michelle thinks to herself, "That poor guy must be psychotic. He should be on medication." This example illustrates that ________ can increase the accessibility of traits.
A) unusual situations B) random thoughts C) implicit personality theories D) past experience E) norms Type: MC Page Ref: 65-67 Skill: Applied |
D
|
|
|
Ch. 3-29 You do not know many people with disabilities, but view a telethon in which people with disabilities are shown needing and appreciating help. The next day, you see a blind person walking along, judge her to be in need of help, and ask her if you can help her find her destination. The notion of helping people with disabilities was ________ by the telethon, and became accessible in this situation.
A) primed B) clarified C) validated D) reinforced E) biased Type: MC Page Ref: 65-67 Skill: Applied |
A
|
|
|
Ch. 3-32 Some participants in a study by Tory Higgins and his colleagues (1977) memorized "positive" trait adjectives (e.g., adventurous, neat); others memorized "negative" adjectives (e.g., reckless, disrespectful). All participants then read an ambiguous description of a person named Donald and formed an impression of him. Somebut not allnegative adjectives led to negative interpretations of Donald's actions, and somebut not allpositive adjectives led to positive interpretations of those same actions. These results suggest that thoughts must be both _______ and _______ before they influence our impressions.
A) vivid.....applicable B) applicable.....vivid C) widely shared.....vivid D) accessible.....widely shared E) accessible.....applicable Type: MC Page Ref: 65-67 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-36 You hear on the radio that a prominent local businessman has been accused of adjusting his company's financial records to embezzle money. You later hear that the man has been acquitted of all charges; however, when he runs for mayor the following year, you can't bring yourself to vote for him. This is an example of the
A) perseverance effect. B) self-fulfilling prophecy. C) schema effect. D) self-enhancement effect. E) stereotype effect. Type: MC Page Ref: 68-69 Skill: Applied |
A
|
|
|
Ch. 3-50 Iain is from Australia, where people drive on the left-hand side of the road. When he moved to Canada, his accident rate was higher than any of his friends'. Why might this be?
A) Driving schemas differ between Canada and Australia. B) There is less traffic in Australia. C) Iain had no schema for driving behaviours. D) They don't have Drivers' Education courses in Australia. E) There is no speed limit in Australia. Type: MC Page Ref: 71-73 Skill: Applied |
A
|
|
|
Ch. 3-55 In trying to decide which of two classmates is smarter, you use the rule, "the faster people talk, the smarter they are," so you choose the classmate who talks faster. You have applied a _______ to decide who is smarter.
A) self-fulfilling prophecy B) fundamental attribution C) decoding bias D) correspondence bias E) judgmental heuristic Type: MC Page Ref: 73 Skill: Applied |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-63 In distinguishing between availability and accessibility we can say that availability is related to _______ while accessibility is related to _______.
A) stream, of consciousness; making judgments quickly and efficiently B) making judgments quickly and efficiently; stream, of consciousness C) resemblance to a typical case; making judgments quickly and efficiently D) stream of consciousness; ease of recall E) ease of recall; stream of consciousness Type: MC Page Ref: 73-75 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-70 A teenager wants to borrow the family car to go to an out-of-town concert. Her parents resist the idea. The teenager in question is most likely to view her parents as stubborn and unreasonable when they say to her,
A) "Tell us again what you would do if the car broke down." B) "Give us one reason why we shouldn't worry ourselves to death." C) "How many other friends are going with you?" D) "Give us five reasons why you should be allowed to borrow the car." E) "Give us ten reasons you should be allowed to borrow the car." Type: MC Page Ref: 73-76 Skill: Conceptual |
B
|
|
|
Ch. 3-73 If I tell you that someone I know is a man who has a beard, drinks wine, and likes to read poetry, and you guess that he is more likely to be a classics professor than a construction worker, you are:
A) paying too much attention to base rate information. B) being misled by the availability heuristic. C) probably correct. D) falling victim to the representativeness heuristic. E) probably not familiar with classics professors. Type: MC Page Ref: 76-77 Skill: Conceptual |
D
|
|
|
Ch. 3-84 _______ are to structure as _______ are to process.
A) Decision rules.....schemas B) Decision rules.....judgments C) Judgments.....schemas D) Heuristics.....schemas E) Schemas.....heuristics Type: MC Page Ref: 73-77 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-95 A major problem with schemas is that
A) they take a long time to learn. B) they are more often wrong than right. C) we rely on them too much. D) they allow us to "fill in the gaps" and interpret ambiguous information. E) they operate automatically, making it difficult for us to know when we're using them. Type: MC Page Ref: 78-81 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-100 When Marsha is giving her friends advice on dating, her decisions and advice are often simplistic and inaccurate. However, when Marsha is deciding for herself whom to date and how to handle her own relationships, she is a more complex thinker and her judgments are more accurate. This example illustrates the influence of _______ on social thinking.
A) unconscious processing B) flexibility C) personal experience D) perspective-taking E) motivation Type: MC Page Ref: 80-81 Skill: Applied |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-102 According to Daniel Wegner's theory of thought suppression, two processes are involved in suppressing unwanted thoughts. The _______ process searches for evidence of the unwanted thought; the _______ process attempts to provide a distraction whenever the thought comes to mind.
A) controlled.....automatic B) tracking.....diverting C) diverting....tracking D) seeking.....distracting E) monitoring.....operating Type: MC Page Ref: 83-84 Skill: Factual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-104 You are trying to lose weight by reducing your consumption of desserts. To help you avoid the desserts that you love, you try not to think about them. If you are _______, you will actually be more likely to think about the desserts.
A) unmotivated B) cognitively distracted C) not hungry D) extremely above your desired weight E) careless Type: MC Page Ref: 83-84 Skill: Applied |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-110 Tom and Julius are both in line for a movie, but it sells out before either of them can get tickets. Tom is the last person in line, but Julius is directly behind the person who got the last ticket. Based on the idea of counterfactual reasoning, why will Julius be more upset than Tom?
A) Julius got there earlier than Tom did, so he felt he deserved to see the movie. B) Julius wanted to see the movie more than Tom did. C) Julius may have let someone stand in line in front of him. D) Julius won't be more upset than Tom. E) It was easier for Julius to imagine how he could have gotten a ticket. Type: MC Page Ref: 81-83 Skill: Conceptual |
E
|
|
|
Ch. 3-112 You were supposed to make an important presentation at work, but you overslept and the bus was late, and you missed the meeting. If you are able to generate many ways in which to "undo" this terrible outcome you will experience _______ emotional reaction.
A) a mild B) a strong C) an incapacitating D) no E) an irrational Type: MC Page Ref: 81-83 Skill: Applied |
B
|
