Social Psych Chapters 1-4

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of feelings, thoughts, &

behaviors in social situations.

Front 2

Intrinsic Motivation

Back 2

Something you personally want.

Front 3

Extrinsic Motivation

Back 3

External motivation for behavior.

Front 4

Reactance

Back 4

When extrinsic motivation backfires and has negative consequences.

Front 5

Emergent property

Back 5

Simple parts create a better functioning, more complex whole.

Front 6

Belonging, Understanding, Status

Back 6

The core motives

Front 7

Belonging

Back 7

The powerful need to feel connected to those around you.

Front 8

Understanding

Back 8

The powerful need to understand the nature of reality.

The choice between accuracy and speed is made multiple times each day.

Front 9

Shared Understanding

Back 9

Looking to others with the hope to learn more information when we do not have the time or

resources to figure out for ourselves.

Front 10

Status

Back 10

The powerful need to achieve and maintain high social standing.

Front 11

Affordances

Back 11

Opportunities to satisfy motivations.

Front 12

Construals

Back 12

How we interpret a situation.

Front 13

Channel Factor

Back 13

A subtle thing about a situation that has a big impact on a behavior.

Front 14

The problem of big numbers.

Bias in publishing.

Publication pressure

Back 14

The crisis in social psych

Front 15

Conformity

Back 15

Whens someone changes their feelings, opinions, or behaviors in response to social situations.

Front 16

Normative influence

Back 16

Conforming to meet the expectations of others.

Front 17

Informational influence

Back 17

Conforming because others are a good source of information.

Front 18

Reality constraints

Back 18

People do not conform once the normative

influence violates reality.

Front 19

Cultural influence

Back 19

Even after the direct source of normative influence is gone, the influence lingers and people still conform.

Front 20

Informational cascades

Back 20

When a person observes the behavior of

another person and in turn, takes part in that same behavior.In

Front 21

Informational influence

Back 21

The primary force in uncertain environments.

Front 22

Expertise & perceptions of bias

Back 22

Conformity reducing factors

Front 23

Obedience

Back 23

Conformity that occurs in unequal power

relationships

Front 24

Reward, coercive, legitimate, reference, & expert

Back 24

The 5 sources of power.

Front 25

Permeability/imperiability

Back 25

If you feel you cannot leave your low status group, you will begin to identify with them. This leads to collective action.

Front 26

Ethos

Back 26

Credibility of the persuader

Front 27

Pathos

Back 27

Emotional appeal of the persuader

Front 28

Logos

Back 28

Logic of the argument made by the persuader

Front 29

Persuasion

Back 29

The process by which we active;y try to change someones attitude; with the hope to indirectly

influence behavior.

Front 30

Attitude

Back 30

A positive or negative evaluation of something.

Front 31

Affect

Back 31

Element of attitude:

Positive or negative emotional response.

Front 32

Cognitions

Back 32

Element of attitude:

Knowledge/beliefs about an object.

Front 33

Behavioral readiness

Back 33

Element of attitude:

A preparedness to react to a situation.

Front 34

Prospect Theory

Back 34

Losses and gains are valued differently so

individuals make decisions based on potential gains.

Front 35

Utilitarianism, Ego-Defensive, Value Expressive, Knowledge

Back 35

4 Functions of Attitude

Front 36

Utilitarianism

Back 36

Attitudes guide our behaviors.

Front 37

Ego-Defensive

Back 37

Protect our sense of security and sense of self. Allows us to feel we understand the world.

Front 38

Value Expressive

Back 38

Helps us express our identity.

Front 39

Knowledge

Back 39

Helps us to organize our understanding and shape our opinions and understanding.

Front 40

Valence

Back 40

Measuring attitudes:

How much do you dislike (insert thing).

Front 41

Strength

Back 41

Measuring attitudes:

Those who are certain about an attitude and van readily express it.

Front 42

Systematic Model/Central Route

Back 42

Persuasion through the quality of an argument.

Most effective when an issue is personally

relevant.

Results in strong attitudes.

Front 43

Heuristic Model/Peripheral Route

Back 43

Persuasion through alternate routes, source characteristics.

Most effective if the issue isn't personally

relevant.

Results in weak attitudes that can be changed.

Front 44

Issue is relevant

Informed about the topic

Willing to learn

Personally responsible

Back 44

Central Route important factors

Front 45

Issue is not relevant

Expertise of source

Distracted or fatigued

Not willing to learn

Back 45

Peripheral Route important factors

Front 46

System 1

Back 46

Quick, un-rational decisions.

Front 47

System 2

Back 47

Well thought out, rational decisions.

Front 48

Source Factors

Back 48

Factors that affect persuasion

Front 49

Attractiveness

Back 49

Source Factor:

The physical appearance of the person trying t persuade you.

Front 50

Credibility

Back 50

Source Factors:

How credible the person trying to persuade you is when it comes to this specific subject.

Front 51

The Sleeper Effect

Back 51

Often receive information from unreliable sources and dismiss it, but after time it shifts your attitude.

Front 52

Vividness

Back 52

Source Factors:

Stories about real people resonate more.

Front 53

Fear

Back 53

Source Factors:

Scaring people can possibly change their

attitude.

Front 54

Social cognition

Back 54

The study of the information processes by which we make sense of other people and ourselves.

How we acquire, construe, and remember

information.

How we use this information to make

judgments.

Front 55

The Confirmation Bias

Back 55

The tendency to test a proposition by searching for evidence that supports other than opposes.

Front 56

Selective memory

Back 56

We don't necessarily have better memory for what we expect. Surprises and unexpected things are remembered easier and better.

Front 57

Heuristics

Back 57

Quick, "rule-of-thumb" metal operations that allow for efficient judgements.

Front 58

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 58

Occurs when judgments are likelihood are baed off of similarity of exemplars to a category.

Front 59

Base-rate Fallacy

Back 59

How big is the category?

Front 60

Regression to the mean

Back 60

If you perform/do something far from the mean, the next time you do that same thing it will be closer to the mean.

Front 61

Perceptions of chance

Back 61

What we perceive as "random" and a true representation of chance are actually not accurate.

Front 62

Groupthink

Back 62

The mode of thinking a person engages in when concurrence seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive group it overrides realistic appraisal of other courses of action.

Front 63

The Attribution Process

Back 63

1) The consistency of the actor's behavior.

2) Consensus of this type of behavior.

3) Are they the only people who act this way; are they distinct in this action?

Front 64

The Contrast Effect

Back 64

Using "decoys" to make another option look

better or more valuable.

Front 65

Framing

Back 65

Whether a problem or decision is portrayed in a way that will make it appear to have potential for a loss or gain.

Front 66

Dilution Effect

Back 66

The tendency of neutral or irrelevant

information to make an impression or judgment weaker.

Front 67

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 67

When we act on our initial impressions of others in a way that makes their behavior conform to out expectations.