Soc 1010 Exam 2 (Chapter 5)

Front 1

aggregate

Back 1

individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together (p. 126)

Front 2

alienation

Back 2

Marxist term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of the product (p. 137)

Front 3

authoritarian leader

Back 3

a leader who gives orders (p. 145)

Front 4

bureaucracy

Back 4

a formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality and written rules (pp. 133-134)

Front 5

category

Back 5

people who have similar characteristics (p. 126)

Front 6

clique

Back 6

a cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another (p. 131)

Front 7

coalition

Back 7

formed when two group members align themselves against one in a triad (p. 142)

Front 8

democratic leader

Back 8

an individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus (p. 145)

Front 9

dyad

Back 9

the smallest possible group, consisting of two persons (p. 142)

Front 10

expressive leader

Back 10

an individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; a.k.a. a socioemotional leader (p. 145)

Front 11

goal displacement

Back 11

an organization replacing old goals with new ones in order to continue functioning (p. 135)

Front 12

group

Back 12

people who think of themselves as belonging together and who interact with one another (p. 126)

Front 13

group dynamics

Back 13

the ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups affect individuals (p. 141)

Front 14

in-groups

Back 14

groups towards which people feel loyalty (p. 129)

Front 15

instrumental leader

Back 15

an individual who tries to keep the group moving towards its goals; a.k.a. a task-oriented leader (p. 145)

Front 16

laissez-faire leader

Back 16

an individual who leads by being highly permissive (p. 145)

Front 17

leader

Back 17

someone who influences the behaviors, opinions, or attitudes of others (p. 145)

Front 18

leadership styles

Back 18

ways in which people express their leadership (p. 145)

Front 19

out-groups

Back 19

groups toward which people feel antagonism (p. 129)

Front 20

primary group

Back 20

a group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation (p. 126)

Front 21

reference group

Back 21

a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves (p. 130)

Front 22

secondary group

Back 22

compared with a primary group, these groups are larger, more anonymous, more formal, and impersonal and are based on some interest or activity (p. 126)

Front 23

self-fulfilling stereotype

Back 23

preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead the person's behaviors in ways that match the stereotype (p. 139)

Front 24

small group

Back 24

a group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members (p. 141)

Front 25

social network

Back 25

the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together (p. 131)

Front 26

triad

Back 26

a group of three people (p. 142)

Front 27

voluntary association

Back 27

a group made up of volunteers who organize on the basis of some mutual interest (p. 128)

Front 28

Robert Merton

Back 28

observed that the traits of in-groups become viewed as virtues, while those same traits in out-groups are seen as vices (p. 129)

Front 29

George Ritzer

Back 29

coined the term "McDonaldization of society" to describe the increasing rationalization of modern social life (p. 136)

Front 30

George Simmel

Back 30

early sociologist who was one of the first to note the significance of group size; he used the terms dyad and triad to describe small groups (p. 142)