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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spirometer Trace |
- Trace used to identify a number of lung volumes |
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Tidal Volume (500ml) |
- Volume of air inspired per breath - Change during exercise - Big increase, taller closer waves. |
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (Up to 3100ml) |
- Maximal volume of air forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume. - Reduces during exercise as a reduction in reserve. |
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (Up to 1200ml) |
- Maximal volume of air forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume - Reduces aswell during exercise. |
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Residual Volume (1200ml) |
- Amount of air left in lungs after maximal expiration - Stays same during exercise |
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Vital Capacity |
- The maximum amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation - Stays same during exercise |
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Total Lung Capacity |
- TV+IRV+ERV+RV - Stays the same |
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Minute Ventilation |
- Volume inspired and expired per min (ml.min-1) - Tidal volume x Frequency of breathing |
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Gaseous Exchange System Roles |
- Delivering O2 to Muscles - Removing CO2 from muscles - At the lungs O2 enters blood and CO2 leaves blood, At muscles O2 enters and CO2 leaves |
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Movement of gases - Diffusion |
- O2 and CO2 move by the process of diffusion - Diffusion - Gases move from high concentration to low. - The concentration is measured as partial pressure and is represented by a symbol 'p' before the gas. |
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Gaseous Exchange at Lungs |
- Inhaled air travels to alveoli where diffusion takes place. |
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What Makes Diffusion So Efficient At Lungs. |
- Thin walls between alveoli and blood vessels - Short distance - Thin capillaries, 1 blood cell at a time, slow travel - Dense capillary network, covers alveoli - Layers of moisture on wall of alveoli aids diffusion. - So many alveoli, huge surface area. |
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Gaseous Exchange At Muscles |
- Diffusion occurs at the muscles, opposite way round from lungs. - O2 moves out the blood into the muscles, lower PO2 in muscles. - CO2 moves out the muscles in to the blood, Lower PCO2 in blood. |
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Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing) during exercise |
- Process Similar to heart rate control - Prior to exercise, adrenaline released into blood causing breathing rate to increase |
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Nervous Control of Pulmonary Ventilation |
- Sympathetic - Increase in breathing rate and depth - Increase minute ventilation - Parasympathetic - Decrease in breathing rate and depth - Decrease in minute ventilation. |
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Poor Lifestyle Choices - Impact On Respiratory System |
Smoking - Damages Alveoli - walls breakdown and join together, reduces efficiency. - Reduces Oxygen Carrying Capacity Of Haemoglobin - Carbon monoxide in smoke attaches to haemoglobin - COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - Increased emphysema - Irritates trachea and bronchi - Swelling and narrowing of airways decreases lung function and increases breathlessness. |
