Religion Exam Review

Front 1

What is the Catholic Church’s view regarding other religious faiths in the world?

Back 1

We’re to respect all religions that lead to truth and goodness.

Front 2

Pantheism

Back 2

God is in everything (nature, living/non-living things). The belief that the divine reality exists in everything.

Front 3

Paganism

Back 3

Worshipping idols

Front 4

Monotheism

Back 4

The belief in one God

Front 5

Polytheism

Back 5

The belief of many Gods

Front 6

Monism

Back 6

The doctrine of that all essence (God, the universe, human beings and all else) comes from one being and are essentially one thing (Buddhism/ Hinduism)

Front 7

Voodooism

Back 7

- Derives from several African religions such as Yoruba
- Developed during slavery (18th/19th) century in Haiti and New Orleans
- Priests are called Mama and Papa
- High god is called Bon Dieu and lesser deities are called Loas. (+ There’s the serpent figure)
- Practiced in private due to fear of persecution

Front 8

Empathy

Back 8

The capacity/ability for seeing things from another person’s perspective

Front 9

Revelation

Back 9

It is when the ultimate reality is somehow revealed to humans.--> (The transmission of the divine will or knowledge to human beings, typically through myths or a form of religious experience.)

Front 10

Salvation

Back 10

Salvation can relate to this life or to the afterlife.

Front 11

Cosmology

Back 11

Understanding the nature of the universe.

Front 12

Myth

Back 12

A story (often recorded in scripture) that tends to answer questions of origins and serves as a source of sacred truth.

Front 13

Prophet

Back 13

Spokespersons for God / One who speaks for God (a person chosen by God to speak to the people on God’s behalf and convey a message or teaching.)

Front 14

Ritual

Back 14

Formal worship practice, often based on the re-enactment of a myth.

Front 15

What is the name for spiritual awakening? (Buddhism)

Back 15

Nirvana

Front 16

What was the Buddha’s title?

Back 16

“The Enlightened One”

Front 17

What is the name given to a community of Buddhists?

Back 17

Sangha

Front 18

Where do they worship?

Back 18

temples and monasteries.

Front 19

Tell the story of Siddhartha Gautama and the founding of Buddhism (incl. three watches in the night).

Back 19

Born in 563 BCE, to a wealthy family. Was protected from the outside world so he spent most of his life in a palace
- He married and had a son but when he was 29 ventured out of the palace leading to a 4 passing sights (1.) Old age (2.) Diseased life 3.) Death, 4.) Ascetic life
- He vowed to become a holy man and became an ascetic (‘The Great Going Forth”), subjecting to intense fasting
- The Middle Way – He discovered that a healthy spiritual life depended on healthy physical life. (Fasting didn’t lead to salvation and neither did indulgence/ luxury)
- Enlightenment¬ – Under a bodhi tree he meditated for 49 days
- 3 distractions/ goddesses were sent but Gautama succeeded, discovering that all of life was change.
- On his final night of meditation there were 3 watches:
1st watch (sunset-10pm): Gautama perceived his own precious lifetime
2nd watch (10pm-2am): He acquired the “divine eye” (ability to perceive deaths/rebirths of living beings)
3rd watch (2am-sunrise): He discovered the 4NblTrths and attained the enlightenment, becoming the Buddha and chose to stay in the world to help others achieve the same

Front 20

Four Noble Truths:

Back 20

1.To live is to suffer
2. Suffering is caused by desire (attachment)
3. Suffering can be brought to an end
4. The solution to suffering is through the Noble Eightfold Path

Front 21

The Eightfold Path:

Back 21

Right Views: Learn the content of the Buddha’s teaching

Right Intentions: Abandon the evil attitudes of greed, hatred and delusion. Nurture the Good attitudes of generosity, friendship, etc.

Right Speech: Avoid vocal wrong deeds such as gossip, lying, obsessive talk, idle talk etc.

Right Conduct: Obey the five precepts.

Right Livelihood: Abstain from jobs that harm living beings. (e.g. selling weapons, selling liquor, butchering, hunting, or being a soldier)

Right Effort: Maintain mental alertness (wise VS unwise mental activity)

Right Mindfulness: Through careful attention to helpful topics, develop the mental focus needed for meditation.

Right Meditation: Reaching a point of perfect tranquility (the sense of individual existence has passed away to Nirvana)

Front 22

Three Marks of Existence:

Back 22

- Anatta

- Annica

- Dukka

Front 23

Anatta

Back 23

On his final night of enlightenment the Buddha looked with and did not find his atman (atta) rather he perceived anatta (=no self). There is no ultimate reality within.

Front 24

Annica

Back 24

Means impermanence. The world is constantly changing. (E.g. it is not really the river that is flowing but rather it is the flowing water that is the river. The same applies to the self. It appears that the self is real and unchanging but it too is the sum of an ongoing flow of thoughts, perceptions, fears, hopes etc. That is in itself ever-changing.

Front 25

Dukka:

Back 25

It is the natural result of anatta and anicca. It is found in the Four Noble Truths and is the central problem of the world.

Front 26

Nirvana

Back 26

The state of eternal bliss that cannot be explained until experienced (ultimate salvation)

Front 27

Samsara

Back 27

The continual wheel of death, rebirth/ reincarnation (paradoxical doctrine of anatta)

Front 28

Tanha

Back 28

Desire, thirst, craving, selfishness, attachment. It is the second of the 4 Noble Truths, since selfish desire causes dukkha.

Front 29

What is the name of Judaism’s sacred book?

Back 29

Torah

Front 30

The story of the founding of Judaism.

Back 30

Patriarchs --> Abraham, Issac, and Jacob are the physical/spiritual founders of Judaism
- Abram formed a covenant with G-d since God promised to provide his wife Sarai with a child if he followed him.
- Abram agreed and later she had a child named Issac. (Their names were changed to Abraham and Sarah)
- Isaac had a son named Jacob who had 12 children (12 tribes of Israel). Jacob one night encounters an angel.
(Covenant w/ god, fathers a great nation, blesses name)

Front 31

Name of Judaism's God

Back 31

YHWH

Front 32

Where do Jews gather to worship?

Back 32

Synagogue and home

Front 33

Torah (LAW)

Back 33

Contains the first 5 books of the bible, and was revealed to Moses on Mt. Sinai. It is seen as the political and social blueprint for the Jewish nation. (God spoke to man and gave instructions to follow)

Front 34

Diaspora

Back 34

("Dispersion"). The situation of Jews living away from their ancestral homeland of Jerusalem

Front 35

Providential God

Back 35

God is in control and the world is divine. (Had a hand in history; delivered the people from the Babylonian captivity.)

Front 36

Sabbath

Back 36

The Sabbath, it begins at sunset Friday and lasts until sunset Saturday. Its two main aspects are rest and worship/ religious celebrations.

Front 37

Patriarchs

Back 37

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the founding fathers of Judaism. They are the physical and spiritual ancestors of the faith.

Front 38

Holocaust

Back 38

The persecution of Jews by German Nazis from 1933 to 1945, resulting in the murder of some six million. Real meaning of the word is burnt sacrifice.

Front 39

Shoah

Back 39

(Hebrew for “mass destruction”) and is what the Holocaust is commonly referred to by Jews.The Jewish don’t like the sacred word Holocaust meaning sacrifice being used for the massacre of their people.

Front 40

Who is the essence of all living things?

Back 40

Brahman

Front 41

What is salvation for a faithful Hindu?

Back 41

(Moksha – Ultimate Goal) They are liberated/ released for the cycle of rebirth and achieve salvation through one being united with the divine.

Front 42

Atman

Back 42

The ultimate reality within --> the eternal self

Front 43

Karma

Back 43

Functions hand in hand with samsara in that it determines the nature of reincarnation. It is the moral law of cause and effect. (Means “action” or “deeds”)

Front 44

Vishnu

Back 44

(Preserver God)

Front 45

Shiva

Back 45

(Destryoyer God)

Front 46

Brahma

Back 46

(Creator God)

Front 47

Brahmin

Back 47

Top level of the caste system consisting of priests, teachers, and leaders

Front 48

Brahman

Back 48

Ultimate reality when referring to the essence of all things

Front 49

Samsara

Back 49

The wheel of rebirth --> atman leaves one person’s physical body and enters a new one

Front 50

Gandhi

Back 50

Lead the Indian independence movement during the mid 1900’s through non-violent protests and his Hindu faith

Front 51

Dharma

Back 51

Rule of life --> Standard for determining the rightness or wrongness of actions. It is the ethical duty based on the divine order of reality (means “ethical duty”).

Front 52

Reincarnation

Back 52

individuals go through a cyclical pattern until release

Front 53

Vedas

Back 53

Are nearly 4000 yrs old; Hinduism’s oldest sacred text. Bible/ doctrine today.

Front 54

The Vedic Hymns

Back 54

Ancient stones / hyms that told the creator story

Front 55

Aryans

Back 55

– Brought the vedic hymns to the Indian people spawning the beginning of Hinduism. The Aryans came down into the Indus plains and conquered the Native Indians living there. The Aryan civilization had a warrior culture, horses, armoury, and were nomadic conquerors. They created the caste system and put themselves on top and the natives below.

Front 56

What is the name of Islam’s sacred book?

Back 56

Qu’ran

Front 57

What is the name of Islam’s God?

Back 57

Allah

Front 58

What is the cause of sin?

Back 58

Forgetfulness

Front 59

Where was the religion’s founder born?

Back 59

Muhammad was born into the tribe of Mecca, a city on the Arabian Peninsula.

Front 60

Was Muhammad divine?

Back 60

No he was not divine. Muslims regard Muhammad as nothing more than human with no supernatural qualities.

Front 61

What is the name given to a community of Muslims?

Back 61

Umma (arabic for community)

Front 62

Where do Muslims gather?

Back 62

Mosque

Front 63

Islam

Back 63

Means “submission” or surrender to God (Allah)

Front 64

Qur’an /Koran

Back 64

(Recitations of the prophet). It is Islam’s primary sacred text, regarded by Muslims as the direct words of Allah revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.

Front 65

Seal of Prophets

Back 65

(Muhammad) due to the belief that he is the final prophet, revealing the will of Allah fully, and precisely, for all time.

Front 66

Ramadan

Back 66

Religious event during the 9th month of the Islamic calendar in which Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset and must restrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and having sex. The end of the event is celebrated with Eid.

Front 67

Jihad

Back 67

The 6th pillar meaning reform to the maximum. It is meant to help a person carry out a personal mission in life from God to accomplish something.

Front 68

5 Pillars:

Back 68

1. Confessions of Faith (Shahada) –Refers to 2 basic teachings of monotheism and uniqueness of Muhammad as a prophet.

2. Prayer – All Muslims must pray 5 times/ day. Prayer requires washing of hands, prostration in direction of Mecca, etc. Prayers are directed by an imam.

3. Fasting – Takes place during Ramadan. Every day for a month, Muslims avoid certain activities while the sun is out. This nurtures an awareness of morality and helps focus attention on moral/religious concerns.

4. Wealth Sharing – Helps ensure the economic welfare of the entire Muslim community; requires 2.5% of possessions to be contributed to a public treasury as a form of worship. (Poor are exempt).

5. Pilgrimage – Muslims are to journey to Mecca (AKA Haji). Allah forgives the sins of those who make the journey with reverence. Any pilgrim who dies is a martyr.

Front 69

Spiritual Awakening (Christianity)

Back 69

Heaven

Front 70

Christianity's Sacred Book

Back 70

The Holy Bible

Front 71

What are the Catholic Statements of Belief

Back 71

Apostle's Creed

Front 72

Where was Jesus born? Was he divine?

Back 72

Bethlehem and yes he was divine.

Front 73

Name for Christianity's God?

Back 73

Heavenly father, lord, creator of the universe, father, etc.

Front 74

What is the name given to a community of Christians? Where do they gather to worship?

Back 74

Community is called a Church and they gather in a church.

Front 75

What was Jesus' faith?

Back 75

Jewish

Front 76

What do the other major religions think of our Saviour Jesus Christ?

Back 76

Jews --> He is not the Messiah
Islam--> He is a prophet, but not the son of God, he is the son of Mary.
Muslims call us “People of the Book”

Front 77

What do the other major religions think of Christianity?

Back 77

Don’t necessarily believe in the same beliefs but there is a respect because out faith is generally viewed as leading to truth and goodness.

Front 78

List the founders of all major religions

Back 78

Judaism --> Abraham

Christianity --> Jesus
Islam --> Muhammad

Hinduism --> No founder (it evolved over a long period of time)
Buddhism --> Siddhartha Gautama

Front 79

Cosmology – East vs. West

Back 79

Linear vs. Cyclical