Rct Site Module 5-8

Front 1

Removable Contamination

Back 1

Measured by a transfer test using a suitable sampling material. Easily transferable to other objects.

Front 2

Fixed Surface Contamination

Back 2

A radioactive surface Contamination that isn't easily transferred to other personnel or equipment through normal contact.

Front 3

Common methods for determining removable and fixed contamination

Back 3

Fixed Contamination is measured by use of a direct survey.

Removable Contamination is measured by a transfer test using standard paper disk smears or cloth smears.

Front 4

Contamination

Back 4

Radioactive material in an unwanted location.

Front 5

Total Contamination

Back 5

The sum of the fixed (non smearable) and the loose (smearable) Contamination levels of material.

Front 6

Components of a radiological monitoring program for Contamination control

Back 6

Continuous monitoring

Continuous Air Monitoring

Process Monitoring Systems

Area and Equipment Surveys

Direct Instrument Surveys

Smear Survey

External Personnel Surveys

Personnel Monitors

Personnel Contamination Monitors

Hand and Foot Monitors

Portal Monitors

Personnel Surveys

Personnel Internal Monitoring

In-vivo Bioassay

In-vitro Bioassay

Front 7

Basic goal of a Contamination control program

Back 7

To minimize contaminated areas and maintain contamination levels as low as reasonably achievable.

Front 8

Actions that contribute to the success of a Contamination control program

Back 8

Air Monitoring and Good House Keeping.

Front 9

Basic principles of contamination control

Back 9

Access/ Administrative Controls

Engineering Controls

Personal Protective Measures

Decontamination

Preventive Methods

Front 10

Engineering Control Methods used for Contamination Control

Back 10

Ventilation

Containment

Bagging

Design and Control

Front 11

Purpose of using PPE in Contamination areas

Back 11

To keep Contamination off the skin and clothing of the workers

Front 12

Basic factors which determine protective clothing requirements for personal protection.

Back 12

Type and form of contamination

Levels of Contamination

Type of work being performed

Front 13

Primary objectives of an air monitoring program

Back 13

1. To measure the concentration of the radioactive contaminant in the air by collection and analysis.

2. To identify the type and physical characteristics of the radioactive contaminant.

3. To help evaluate the hazard potential to the worker.

4. To evaluate the performance of airborne radioactivity control measures.

5. To access air concentration data to determine if bioassay sampling should be initiated to verify whether an exposure has occurred and if so, to determine the magnitude of the exposure.

Front 14

3 physical states of airborne radioactive contaminants

Back 14

Particulates

Gas

Vapors

Front 15

Primary considerations to ensure a representative air sample is obtained

Back 15

The airborne radioactivity concentration entering the sample line must be representative of the airborne radioactivity concentration in the air near the sampling device.

The airborne radioactivity concentration entering the sampling inlet must be representative of the airborne radioactivity concentration at the point of concern or the air that is breathed.

Front 16

Isokinetic Sampling

Back 16

Sample line velocity is equal to the system velocity at the sample point

Front 17

Six general methods for obtaining samples or measurements of airborne radioactivity concentrations

Back 17

Filtration

Volumetric

Impaction/ Impingement

Adsorption

Condensation/ Dehumidification

In-line/ Flow-through detection

Front 18

Filtration

Back 18

The method of concentrating the airborne radioactive particulate contaminants.

Front 19

Volumetric

Back 19

A sample container into which the sample is drawn and isolated for analysis.

Front 20

Impaction/ Impingement

Back 20

Concentrate particulate contaminants on a prepared surface by abruptly changing the direction of the sample air flow at some point in the sampler.

Front 21

Adsorption

Back 21

Concentrate the contaminants by causing them to adhere to the surface of the adsorption medium.

Front 22

Condensation/ Dehumidification

Back 22

Employs a "cold trap" to condense water vapors in the sampled atmosphere and provide a liquid sample for further analysis.

Front 23

In-flow/ Flow-through Detection

Back 23

Employs an air mover to direct the sample air flow through or past the detection device.

Front 24

Describe general considerations for selection of an air monitoring method

Back 24

The environmental conditions in the area where the sample is being obtained

The physical characteristics of the area in which the sample is to be obtained

The energy and type of radiation of the radionuclide being monitored

The expected concentration level

The physical state of the airborne contaminants

The type of survey required

Procedural requirements

Front 25

Personal Air Samplers

Back 25

Provides an estimate of the airborne radioactivity concentration in the air the worker is breathing during the sampling period.

Front 26

High Volume/ Flow Rate Samplers

Back 26

Provides an estimate of the airborne radioactivity concentration at a particular location in a short period of time.

Front 27

Low Volume/ Flow Rate Samplers

Back 27

Provides an estimate of airborne radioactivity concentration averaged over a longer period of time at a particular location.

Front 28

Portable Continuous Air Monitors

Back 28

Provide an estimate of airborne radioactivity concentrations averaged over time at a particular location and provide immediate readout and alarm capabilities for preset concentrations.

Front 29

Installed Continuous Air Monitors

Back 29

Provide an estimate of airborne radioactivity concentrations averaged over time at a fixed, designated location and provide immediate local and remote readout and alarm capabilities for preset concentrations.

Front 30

Factors that affect the accuracy of airborne radioactivity measurements

Back 30

1. Sample isn't representative of the atmosphere being sampled

2. Sample isn't representative of the air being breathed by the worker

3. Incorrect or improperly installed sampling media for the selected sampler, causing leak or improper flow rates

4. Malfunctioning, miss-operated, or miss-calibrated sampling device, causing errors in flow rate measurements

5. Accuracy and operation of the timing device, causing errors in the time value

6. Accuracy and operation of the flow rate measuring device, causing errors in the flow rate value

7. Mishandling of the sample media, causing cross-contamination or removal of sample material

8. Changes in the collection efficiency of the medium due to sample loading, humidity and other factors

9. Improper use or selection of analysis equipment

10. Inherit errors in the counting process due to sample geometry, self- adsorption, resolving time, backscatter, and statistical variations

11. Mathematical errors during calculations due to rounding or numbers and simple mistakes

12. Incorrect marking of samples and inaccurate recording of data

Front 31

State the purpose of respiratory protection standards and regulations

Back 31

Specifies that the minimal acceptable respiratory protection program must contain or address the following in 7.03.

Front 32

Identify the OSHA, ANSI, and DOE respiratory protection program requirements

Back 32

DOE order 440.1

29 CFR 1910.134

ANSI Z88.2

Front 33

Standards that regulate respiratory protection

Back 33

1. Written standards operating procedures governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established

2. Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed

3. The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use and limitations of respirators

4. Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected

5. Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location

6. Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning

7. Appropriate surveillance of worker area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress shall be maintained

8. There shall be regular inspections and evaluations to determine the continued effectiveness of the program

9. Persons shouldn't be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment

10. Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available

Front 34

Protection Factor

Back 34

The ratio of the concentration of contaminant in the atmosphere to the concentration inside the face piece or hood under conditions of use

An assigned protection factor is the level of protection that would be expected from a class or type of respirator to a properly fitted and trained user

Front 35

Qualitative fit test

Back 35

Test to determine if there is any mask leakage, usually using irritant smoke

Front 36

Quantitative fit test

Back 36

Test to determine quantity of mask leakage and assign a "for factor", corn oil is the typical challenge atmosphere used

Front 37

Physical functions to perform during a fit test

Back 37

Normal breathing

Deep breathing

Turning heard from side to side

Moving head up and down

Talking

Grimacing

Bending over

Normal breathing

Front 38

Protection factor is applied to the selection of respiratory protection equipment

Back 38

ANSI Z88.2 requires the protection factor for the respirator device used to be greater than the ratio of the work area airborne concentration to the associated DAC

Front 39

Nature of the hazard when selecting the proper respiratory protection equipment

Back 39

The type of hazard

The physical and chemical properties

The physiological effects on the body

The peak and average concentration of toxic material or airborne radioactivity level

The established permissible time weighted average or peak concentration of toxic material, or both, or established maximum permissible airborne radioactivity level for radioactive substances

Whether the hazard is an immediate dangerous to life or health concentration

Warning properties

Front 40

Types of respiratory equipment available

Back 40

Half face respirators

Full face respirators

Airline respirators

Powered air purifying respirators

Front 41

Quality that breathing air must meet

Back 41

Grade D

Front 42

Steps to take when issuing respiratory equipment

Back 42

Issue only respiratory devices, cartridges, canisters, or equipment specifically identified on the RWP to the individuals specified on the RWP

Use label information to ensure that the appropriate canister, cartridge, or filter is issued to the user

Confirm that respirator training is current

Check respirator training record or card

Issue only respirator equipment that hasn't exceeded the cleaning expiration date

Document equipment issue. G recording issuance information on a site respirator issue log sheet

Check respirator airline hose fitting me to ensure those fittings can't be loosened using hand pressure

Front 43

Sealed radioactive source

Back 43

A radioactive source manufactured, obtained, or retained for the purpose of utilizing the emitted radiation

Front 44

Unsealed radioactive source

Back 44

A radioactive source in which the radioactive material isn't contained in a sealed capsule, sealed between two layers of non radioactive material, or fixed to a non radioactive surface

Front 45

Accountable sealed radioactive source

Back 45

A sealed radioactive source having a half life equal to or greater than 30 days and an isotopic activity equal to or greater than the corresponding value

Front 46

Exempt sealed radioactive source

Back 46

A sealed radioactive source having a half life less than 30 days or an isotopic activity less than the corresponding values

Front 47

Characteristics of the radioactive sources

Back 47

Sealed

Method of sealing

Radiation levels

Levels of radioactivity

Half lives

Radiation emitted

Physical characteristics

Front 48

Radioactive Material Area

Back 48

Any area within a controlled area, accessible to individuals, in which items or containers or radioactive material exist and the total activity of radioactive material exceeds the applicable values

Front 49

Radioactive material area posting

Back 49

Caution, Radioactive Material

Shall be posted at each RMA