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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name of the tube the extends from the mouth to the anus? |
The alimentary canal |
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What is food mixed with when it is taken into the mouth? |
Saliva |
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What type of digestion is the chewing of food by the teeth? |
Mechanical digestion |
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What is a small ball of food that is swallowed known as? |
A bolus |
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What enzymes does saliva contain? |
Salivary amylase |
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What type of digestion is the break down of food by enzymes? |
Chemical digestion |
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The oesophagus transports food from the mouth to where? |
The stomach |
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The stomach produces gastric juice. What does this contain? |
1. Gastric protease 2. Hydrochloric acid |
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How does the stomach protect its walls from the gastric juice? |
The lining of the stomach contains goblet cells that produce thick mucus. |
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What is the first part of the small intestine called? |
The duodenum |
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What is the function of the duodenum? |
Digestion |
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Which organs pour their digestive secretions into the duodenum? |
The pancreas and the liver |
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What is the last part of the small intestine called? |
The ileum |
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What is the function of the ileum? |
The absorption of nutrients |
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What adaptations does the ileum have to increase its surface area? |
1. It is long in length 2. It has a folded interior 3. It is lined with villi 4. The villi are covered in microvilli |
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What is the first part of the large intestine called? |
The colon |
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What is the function of the colon? |
The absorption of water |
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What is the last part of the large intestine called? |
The rectum |
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Muscular action of the rectum eliminates what? |
Faeces |
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What digestive secretions does the liver produce? |
Bile |
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Where is bile stored? |
In the gall bladder |
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What is the function of bile? |
The emulsification of fats |
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What is the digestive secretions produced by the pancreas called? |
Pancreatic juice |
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What does pancreatic juice contain? |
Digestive enzymes and alkaline salts |
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What is ingestion? |
Taking in food and drink by the mouth |
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What is digestion? |
The conversion of food into simple, soluble chemicals capable of being absorbed through the intestinal lining into the blood to be used by body cells |
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What is absorption? |
The taking up of substances to be used by the body cells and tissues |
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What is egestion? |
The process involved in the eliminating waste material from the body as faeces |
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What is the process that moves food and chyme through the alimentary canal? |
Peristalsis |
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What type of catalysts are enzymes? |
Biological catalysts |
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What do proteases break down? |
Proteins |
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What do lipases break down? |
Lipids (fats) |
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What do Amylases break down? |
Starch and carbohydrates |
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What are enzymes sensitive to? |
Temperature and pH |
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How do 'friendly' bacteria in the large intestine help us? |
1. They release locked in nutrients from food through fermentation 2. They manufacture vitamins 3. They play a role in immunity 4. They 'crowd out' pathogenic bacteria |
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What are proteins broken down into? |
Peptides and amino acids |
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What are amino acids needed for? |
1. Making new proteins 2. Making enzymes 3. Making some of the body's hormones 4. Making plasma proteins 5. Repairing cells 6. Growing new cells |
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What do carbohydrates and starch break down into? |
Sugars (mainly glucose) |
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What is glucose needed for? |
Glucose is used in cellular respiration to produce energy |
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What are fats (lipids) broken down into? |
Glycerol and fatty acids |
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What are glycerol and fatty acids needed for? |
Producing energy or energy storage |
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What is an ulcer? |
An open, painful, wound (a sore) |
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What are stomach ulcers also known as? |
Gastric ulcers |
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What are ulcers in the duodenum known as? |
Duodenal ulcers |
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What are the 2 causes of gastric ulcers? |
1. An infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria 2. Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen |
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What are the possible effects of a stomach ulcer? |
1. Abdominal pain 2. Heartburn and indigestion 3. Loss of appetite 4. Nausea and vomitting 5. Weight loss 6. Bleeding from the ulcer |
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What is hepatitis? |
Inflammation of the liver |
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What can hepatitis be caused by? |
1. A viral infection 2. Drinking alcohol |
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What are the symptoms of hepatitis? |
1. Nausea 2. Vomitting 3. Lack of appetite 4. Jaundice |
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What is coeliac disease caused by? |
A reaction to gluten |
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What are the short term effects of coeliac disease? |
1. Nausea 2. Constipation 3. Rapid weight loss 4. Diarrhoea 5. Bloating and wind 6. Tiredness |
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What are the long term effects of coeliac disease? |
1. Osteoporosis 2. Iron deficiency anaemia 3. Vitamin deficiency |
